ECONOMICS
Instructional goals
The course aims at introducing students to key concepts of economic theory. Particular attention is paid to the economic analysis of laws and institutions.
In particular, through the study of microeconomic and macroeconomic phenomena, the student will develop an autonomous judgment of the economic reality. Students must achieve the following goals:
-knowledge of the main micro and macroeconomic models;
- Ability to interpret the debate on the functioning of economic systems and expertise to use bibliographic tools, and methods used by economic analysis.
Intended learning outcomes
Students will be familiar with the basic models of economics economic agents’ behavior, market functioning and firm strategies, as well as on macroeconomic factors of consumption, investment.
The course contents and the methods of interaction in the classroom aim at discussion and confrontation with the teacher, so students acquire autonomous judgment on the topics discussed, using a technical language.
Power point slides and blackboard will be used, the latter being able to analyze economic topics by equations and graphics.
Knowledge and understanding.
The course aims to provide students with the basic concepts and principles of economics. In particular, the course intends to provide students with fundamental knowledge related to: the characteristics of different types of market structures, the behavior of firms, the components and measurement of GDP, the notion of economic growth, the functions of money.
Applying knowledge and understanding.
The student will be able to understand and discuss clearly, through appropriate arguments, possible proposals and considerations related to problems and issues of the topics discussed in the lectures.
Making judgements.
At the end of the course students will have acquired the ability to critically interpret the main economic events at the center of the national and international debate, also through the collection of data and information from reliable sources.
Communication skills.
Students will be able to communicate their own comments and ideas onthe issues of political economy analyzed in the course to various interlocutors effectively and appropriately.
Learning skills.
Student will develop a personal method of study and acquire the ability to undertake, in the most independent way possible, more complex and thorough studies, particularly in respect to economic issues.
Course Contents
• Supply and demand
• Markets mechanisms
• Competition, antitrust and market power
• The role of the State
• Labour market
• Income, growth and Institutions
• Economic fluctuations and stabilization of the cycle • Inflation and unemployment
• Money and Financial Markets
Reference Books
MICROECONOMICS
Text book:
J. SLOMAN (2022), Microeconomics, Il Mulino, sixth edition. Chs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.
MACROECONOMICS
Text book:
C. IMBRIANI, A. LOPES, Macroeconomia, un’introduzione. Mercati, Istituzioni Finanziarie e Politiche, UTET, 2016.
Capp. 1, 2 (excluded 2.3.3 e 2.3.4), 3 (excluded 3.3.3, 3.3.4, 3.4 e 3.5.4), 4 (excluded 4.7, 4.8 e 4.9), 5 (excluded 5.7), 6 (excluded 6.7, 6.8, 6.9 e 6.10), 8 (excluded 8.6, 8.7 e 8.8). Please exclude all boxes with the exception of C1 (3°chapther) and H1 (8° chapter)
Teaching Methods
- lectures
- classes
Assessment Method
The procedure of assessment regarding the contents of the course will be held in the form of oral. This examination aims to verify the knowledge of the topics covered in the program and the student’s ability to use graphical representation to explain economic theories and concepts.
The examination and provides an assessment in thirty (minimum threshold of sufficiency 18/30).
Forms of monitoring and intermediate verification of the preparation of students are also possible. It being understood that the assessment will take place only at the outcome of the final exam which will take place, at the end of the course, according to the methods and evaluation criteria specified above.
Thesis assignment criteria
none
Week 1
INTRODUCTION TO ECONOMICS:
Introduction to the course - exam procedures and tips for studying
Basic principles of the economy and the role of economists
The market economy
Demand function
Supply function
Week 2
QUANTITY AND MARKET PRICES:
The market mechanisms
Variations of market equilibrium
The elasticity of demand
The cross-elasticity
The elasticity of supply
Week 3
CONSUMPTION THEORY:
Choice problems as constrained maximization
Optimal choice: the budget constraint
Optimal choice: utility functions and indifference curves
The demand: income effect and substitution effect
Income-consumption line and Engel Curve
Week 4
PRODUCTION THEORY:
Introducing the production function
Production function in the short term
Production function in the long term
From production to costs
Fixed and variable costs; total costs, average and marginal costs
Week 5
PRODUCTION THEORY:
Isoquant and isocost
Optimal combination of inputs
Perfect competition
Profit maximization
Types and characteristics of monopoly: the natural monopolies
Week 6
MARKET MECHANISM:
The revenue curve of the monopolist and profit maximization
Introduction to Law & Economics and anti-trust legislation
Duopoly and oligopoly
Monopolistic competition
Microeconomics: summing up
Week 7
INTRODUCTION TO MACROECONOMICS:
Subject and method of macroeconomic theory
National accounts, the three methods of calculating GDP
The private sector; multiplier of private expenditure
Public sector; public spending multipliers
Foreign sector; open economy multiplier
Week 8
MONEY SUPPLY AND MONEY DEMAND:
Central Bank, money supply, interest rate; money
multiplier
Monetary base, the channels of liquidity creation
Money demand theories: quantity theory of money; liquidity preference
Equilibrium in the money market and the role of the interest rate
Monetary policy
Week 9
INVESTMENT, FIRMS DECISIONS AND FINANCIAL MARKETS - THE IS-LM
MODEL:
Investment decisions theory and the role of the interest
rate
Investment, accelerator theory, equity markets
Deriving the IS curve
Deriving the LM curve
Macroeconomic equilibrium at fixed prices
Week 10
THE IS-LM MODEL:
Fiscal policy and crowding-out effect
Transmission mechanism of monetary policy and its effects
Effectiveness of monetary and fiscal policies in comparison
Effectiveness of fiscal and monetary policies in the debate between
Keynesians and monetarists
Growth of public debt
Week 11
LABOUR MARKET:
Neoclassical model of the labor market: supply and
demand
Labor market equilibrium; voluntary and involuntary unemployment
Inflation and unemployment, the Phillips curve
Natural rate of unemployment, the monetarist critique and the Phillips
curve
Policy implications of the monetarist critique
Week 12
MACROECONOMIC EQUILIBRIUM: THE AD-AS MODEL:
Aggregate supply and demand
Macroeconomic equilibrium: AD-AS model and special cases
International trade and financial markets. Balance of payments and
exchange rates
Floating vs. Fixed Exchange Rates -
The international monetary system
Macroeconomics: Summing up