The main goal of the course is to provide a critical background about the main topics in theory and history of political parties from the nineteenth century until the present.

Knowledge and understanding: the student will be able to knaw the origin ad transformation of contemporary political system and the influence that social, economic and cultural transformations have had on the organisation of the relationship between society and institutions. The reference methods are inductive, static and dynamic. Ability to apply knowledge and understanding: the knowledge of the dynamics of histiry of political parties, in European perspecrive, will allow the student to develop a complexe thought based on a solid knowledge of the historical-political dynamics. The use of different interactive modalities will favour the acquisition of more interdisciplinary skills. The exercises, individual and in groups, will allow a constant monitoring of learning during the course and will offer the opportunities to use multimedia tools and test comminucation skills. Making judgement: the student will acquire autonomy of judgement on the problems of the history of political parties, also in relation to specific application of the categories learned. The ability of judgment will be trasmitted through frontal lessons, individual ad group exercises. Communication skills: the student wuill acquire the ability to communicate what they have learned during the lessons and to present the results of their research through the formula of public speaking in the classroom. Communicative skills will be assessed in the final oral test, in the classroom presentations and in the active participation in the lessons. Learning skills: the student develops a more complex ability of independent and critical thinking. The learning will be enriched whit ad indepth study of topics specific to the history of poliical parties, with knowledge of languages and tools specific to the discipline, and verified through participation in debates and exercises and the conduct to final exam.

The course is divided in two parts. The first part will focus on the model of modern political party in the European political system from the nineteenth century until the World War I. By using comparative approach we will considered the case of Great Britain, France, Germany and Italy, as well as the relationships between liberalism, national state building, participation, parliaments, government, democracy and political parties. In this perspective, particular attention will be devoted to the relation between institution and political party in the totalitarianism experiences: Nazism, Fascism, and Communism. The second part will focus on the case study of the Italian political system from 1943 to 2008. For the first part, there will be group and individual work to discuss the readings indicated in the teaching materials. For the second part, there will be group work on specific themes of the history of the italian republic.

1) M. Salvadori, Storia d'Italia. Il cammino tormentato di una nazione 1861-2016, Torino, Einaudi, 2018; 2) S. Rogari, Alle origini del trasformismo. Partiti e sistema politico nell'Italia liberale, Laterza, Roma-Bari, 1998; P. Carusi, I partiti politici italiani dall’unità ad oggi, nuova edizione aggiornata, Roma, Studium, 2008; 3) E. Gentile, Fascismo e antifascismo. I partiti italiani fra le due guerre, Le Monnier, Firenze, 2000; 4) P. Craveri, L'arte del non governo. L'inesorabile declino della repubblica italiana, Venezia, Marsilio, 2016; P. Scoppola, La Repubblica dei partiti. Evoluzione e crisi di un sistema politico, 1945- 1996, Il Mulino, Bologna, 1997. Non attending students: A. Giovagnoli, Il partito italiano: la Democrazia Cristiana dal 1942 al 1994, Laterza, Roma-Bari, 1996; R. Gualtieri (a cura di), Il Pci nell'Italia repubblicana, Carocci, Roma, 2001; P. Mattera, Il partito inquieto: organizzazione, passioni e politica dei socialisti italiani dalla Resistenza al miracolo economico, Carocci, Roma, 2004; P. Ignazi, Il Polo escluso. Profilo storico del movimento sociale italiano, Il Mulino, 1998; M. Gervasoni, A. Ungari (a cura di), Le due repubbliche, Rubbettino, Soveria mannelli, 2014; M. Gervasoni, Storia d'Italia negli anni Ottanta. Quando eravamo moderni, Venezia, Marsilio, 2010; G. Orsina, La democrazia del narcisismo. Breve storia dell'antipolitica, Venezia, Marsilio, 2018.

- Lectures; - Group work; - Seminar and discussion

- Final oral test: 60% - Group work: 30% - Seminar and discussion: 10%

To pass the final exam with a suitable evaluation, and to show adequate interest in the topic