METHODS AND TECHNIQUES OF SOCIAL RESEARCH

METHODS AND TECHNIQUES OF SOCIAL RESEARCH

Lorenzo De Sio

Instructional goals

The course aims at making students able to design and conduct a research project in the social sciences, translating even basic questions into a concretely developed research project, by developing a knowledge of the challenges and problems of each stage of the research cycle, and the competence to successfully address them.

Intended learning outcomes

Knowledge and understanding: Knowledge of the fundamental problems of social research; structuring of the different stages of the research cycle; problems, goals and specific tools of each stage (from the identification of the research question to the presentation of results), with special reference to survey-based research. Applying knowledge and understanding: Ability to competently use the appropriate tools for each research stage, by identifying problems and potential solutions that involve the appropriate tools. Resulting ability to structure a real research project (based on quantitative tools, adopting the post-positivist paradigm) starting even from simple questions. Making judgements: Familiarity with the alternative choices and decisions of each research stage, and with the necessity of making compromises between rival goals. Understanding of the arbitrary choices of each stage, leading to the relative subjectivity of a single research, thus to the objectivity of science as intersubjectivity among multiple researches that publicly disclose the methods and choices adopted. Communication: Ability to interact with external subjects, to understand the point of view of the research subject, to present research results in different formats (oral presentation with slides; small research report; research article). Lifelong learning skills: Aware, critical perspective towards the results of social research. Concrete understanding of the cumulative learning method of the social sciences, which leverages the concrete falsifiability of research hypotheses and the cruciality of empirical data to understand social reality and construct cumulative knowledge.

Course Contents

The course starts from the specific problems of building knowledge in the social sciences, then moving into detail on the specific stages of development of a quantitative, survey-based research project. The focus on survey research allows to deal with a data collection technique that is both powerful and challenging, allowing to examine the creative and problematic aspects of different research stages. All research stages are considered: identification and definition of the research question, conceptual development and operationalization, questionnaire development, questionnaire administration and data collection, data analysis, presentation of results.

Reference Books

Corbetta, P., "Metodologia e tecniche della ricerca sociale" (simgle volume, pp. 644). Other materials circulated by the instructor.

Teaching Methods

Interactive lectures; development of group project work, with the construction of an actual survey-based research: research question, conceptual map, construction of the questionnaire, data collection and analysis, presentation of results.

Assessment Method

On a weekly basis: exercises and self-assessment tests (not relevant for the final assessment). [Ongoing course groupwork assessment : 1/3 of the total grade] Based on a research question chosen by students: scientific literature review; concept map; questionnaire design; data analysis and results presentation. [Final exam: 2/3 of the total grade] - Written exam (grade not immediately recorded) to be taken in the classroom with your own laptop through the Safe Exam Browser (iPads or other tablets will NOT be permitted): Questions and exercises similar to the self-assessment ones from throughout the course + open-ended questions; - Brief oral discussion of the written exam and grade recording.

Thesis assignment criteria

30/30 grading. Positive assessment of a small thesis project.

Week 1

1. Introduction. At the origin of science: the research question. The research cycle and its stages. The data matrix. Units of analysis. Cases and variables. Independent and dependent variables. Correlation and causation.

Week 2

2. Causality and scientific explanation. Covariation, direction and control. The fundamental problem of causal inference. Experiments. Ecological and individual data. Ecological fallacy. Building a scientific explanation. The role of scientific literature.

Week 3

3. Survey research. Survey design and data collection techniques. Sampling. Conceptual map.

Week 4

4. Survey research. The structured questionnaire. Questionnaire construction and question formulation.

Week 5

5. Measuring concepts. Types of response categories. Measurement bias. From indicators to indices. Validity and reliability and their measurement. Use of aggregate data.

Week 6

6. Data analysis 1. Definition of data analysis. Software. Univariate analysis. Exercises.

Week 7

7. Data analysis 2. Bivariate analysis: cross-tabulations. Exercises.

Week 8

8. Data analysis 3. Introduction to OLS regression. Exercises.

Week 9

9. Data analysis 4. Multivariate analysis. Specifying a regression model: principles and rules. Exercises.

Week 10

10. Directions for further study: use of aggregate data and media content analysis; beyond OLS regression.

Week 11

11. Student presentations and discussion

Week 12

12. Student presentations and discussion