BUSINESS LAW

Antonio Nuzzo

Instructional goals

The course provides grounding in Business Law, covering the study of both entrepreneurs and corporations, with a focus on companies in general, partnerships and Limited Liability Companies. The course is complemented by the additional course of Business Law 2, dedicated especially to the joint stock companies. The objective is to highlight the role of Business Law for the development of businesses and economy, between rules and autonomy of individuals.

Prerequisites

Knowledge and understanding: through participation to in-person lectures and online classes, the student acquires knowledge of the fundamental institutions of corporate law (individual and corporate) with a specific focus on the discipline of companies in general, partnerships and limited liability companies. In order to verify the acquired knowledge, an oral exam will be held at the end of the course Ability to apply knowledge and understanding: The student is enabled to distinguish, from a structural and functional point of view, the organizational models of businesses illustrated during the course and is therefore able to interpret the legal rules governing each model. This way, students will be able to understand the role of business law in the development of both entrepreneurship and the economy at wide, which will be completed with the course of Business Law 2. An oral interview will be held at the end of the course to verify the acquired knowledge Critical thinking: the analytic method acquired during the course allows the student to identify data and materials relevant to the analysis of the normative sources of business law and to evaluate critically the different doctrinal and jurisprudential orientations regarding each institution studied. Thus, the student acquires the ability to analyse cases and is able to qualify them from a legal standpoint. Communication skills: at the end of the course the student is able to use, with adequate terminological precision, the technical and legal vocabulary of business law in relation to the issues studied. Ability to learn: The technical and legal knowledge acquired during the course allows the student to understand and interpret, also autonomously, the normative developments as well as the trends in scholarship and caselaw in the field.

Intended learning outcomes

General knowledge of law, especially private law

Course Contents

The entrepreneur and the assets. Competition and the protection of the enterprise in the market. Companies in general. For-profit companies and Benefit Corporations. Partnerships. Capital companies and the reform. The limited liability company. Dissolution. Business crisis and insolvency procedures. Contracts between entrepreneurs and between entrepreneurs and consumers. Debt securities and payment instruments.

Reference Books

G. Presti, M. Rescigno, Corso di diritto commerciale. Volume 1 – Impresa-contratti-titoli di credito-fallimento, Zanichelli, Bologna, 2023, 11a ed., G. Presti, M. Rescigno, Corso di diritto commerciale. Volume II – Società, Zanichelli, Bologna, 2021, 10a ed., As an alternative to the Presti-Rescigno textbook, students may use: G.F. Campobasso, Diritto commerciale 1. Diritto dell’impresa, UTET, Torino, 2022, 8a ed. a cura di M. Campobasso, pagg. 1-300. G.F. Campobasso, Diritto commerciale 2. Diritto delle società, UTET, Torino, 2022, 11a ed. a cura di M. Campobasso G.F. Campobasso, Diritto commerciale 3. Contratti. Titoli di credito. Procedure concorsuali, UTET, Torino, 2022, 6a ed. A cura di M. Campobasso

Teaching Methods

Frontal teaching

Assessment Method

The exam is oral. The student must show a full understanding of the principles and notions of Business Law 1 and the institutions characterizing the course, such as individual and collective enterprises, partnerships and limited liability companies, and the fundamental organizational rules of the types of companies covered by the course. The student will also have to demonstrate that he/she can correctly interpret and apply the theoretical notions to practical cases. The student is required to correctly use the legal vocabulary of the field, thereby demonstrating familiarity with the method of study and the learning skills necessary to continue even independently the deepening of the subject. The mark is on an 18-to-30 scale. Monitoring and mid-term exams might be held to test the students’ progresses, provided anyway that the final mark will be given only during the final examination at the end of the course, according to the procedures and evaluation criteria specified above.

Thesis assignment criteria

Course attendance and successful completion of the exam

Week 1

WEEK 1 – ENTREPRENEURS AND TAXONOMY The evolution of business law and the centrality of the entrepreneur Lesson I of the Presti-Rescigno Textbook Introduction of the Campobasso Textbook (vol. I) The notion of entrepreneur (Article 2082 of the Italian Civil Code). Status acquisition and loss. Illicit enterprises. Lesson II of the Presti-Rescigno Textbook (vol. I) Chapters I and III of the Campobasso Textbook (vol. I) The business entrepreneur (Article 2195 of the Italian Civil Code), the agricultural entrepreneur (Article 2135 c.c. of the Italian Civil Code). The small business owner and the SMEs Lesson III, 1-4 of the Presti-Rescigno Textbook (vol. I) Chapter II of the Campobasso Textbook (vol. I) Collective and public enterprise. The exercise of enterprise by associations and foundations Lesson XVIII, 4.1 of the Presti-Rescigno Textbook (vol.II) Chapter II, C, 13-14 of the Campobasso Textbook (vol. I)

Week 2

WEEK 2 – THE RULES GOVERNING THE COMMERCIAL ENTERPRENEUR AND ASSETS Legal publicity: the commercial register and the effectiveness of registration Lesson III, 5.1 of the Presti-Rescigno Textbook Chapter IV, A. of the Campobasso Textbook (vol. I) Accounting records and their probatory value Lesson III, 5.2 of the Presti-Rescigno Textbook (vol. I) Chapter IV B. of the Campobasso Textbook (vol. I) Entrepreneurial agency Lesson III, 5.3 of the Presti-Rescigno Textbook (vol. I) Chapter IV, C. of the Campobasso Textbook (vol. I) Assets (Article 2555 of the Italian Civil Code) Lesson IV, 1 of the Presti-Rescigno Textbook (vol. I) Chapter V of the Campobasso Textbook (vol. I)

Week 3

WEEK 3 – INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND DISTINCTIVE MARKS Intellectual property. Constitutional protection and fundamental principles of the discipline Lesson IV, 2.1 of the Presti-Rescigno Textbook (vol. I) Cap. VII of the Campobasso Textbook (vol. I) Distinctive marks Lesson IV, 2.2 - 2.3 of the Presti-Rescigno Textbook (vol. I) Chapter VI of the Campobasso Textbook (vol. I) Franchising Lesson VII, 2.3.2 of the Presti-Rescigno Textbook (vol. I) Chapter IV, 3 of the Campobasso Textbook (vol. III)

Week 4

WEEK 4 – COMPETITION LAW Market and anti-monopoly rules. European and Italian antitrust legislation Lesson V, 1 of the Presti-Rescigno Textbook (vol. I) Chapter VIII, A-B of the Campobasso Textbook (vol. I) Unfair competition Lesson V, 2 of the Presti-Rescigno Textbook (vol. I) Chapter VIII, C of the Campobasso Textbook (vol. I)

Week 5

WEEK 5 – NON-CORPORATE ENTITIES Consortia Lesson XVIII, 4.2 of the Presti-Rescigno Textbook (vol. II) Chapters IX of the Campobasso Textbook (vol. I) European Economic Interest Grouping (EEIG) Lesson XVIII, 4.3 of the Presti-Rescigno Textbook (vol. II) Chapter X of the Campobasso Textbook (vol. I) Temporary joint ventures Lesson XVIII, 4.4 of the Presti-Rescigno Textbook (vol. II) Chapter XI of the Campobasso Textbook (vol. I) Network agreements Lesson XVIII, 4.5 of the Presti-Rescigno Textbook (vol. II) Chapter XII of Campobasso Textbook (vol. I)

Week 6

WEEK 6 – BUSINESS CONTRACTS Banking contracts Lesson IX, 4 of the Presti-Rescigno Textbook (vol. I) Chapter XIII of the Campobasso Textbook (vol. III) Leasing and factoring Lesson IX, 4 of the Presti-Rescigno Textbook (vol. I) Chapter XIV, A – B of the Campobasso Textbook (vol. III) Participation contract (Article 2549 of the Italian Civil Code) Chapter XVIII of the Campobasso Textbook (vol. III) Consignment contract and supply contract Lesson VII, 1.5-1.6 of the Presti-Rescigno Textbook (vol. I) Chapters II and III of the Campobasso Textbook (vol. III)

Week 7

WEEK 7 – DEBT SECURITIES. THE BILL OF EXCHANGE AND THE CHECK. Origins, function and characteristics of debt securities as means of payment and financing. Transfer, defenses and ammortamento. The dematerialization Lesson XI – XII of the Presti-Rescigno Textbook (vol. I) Chapter XIX of the Campobasso Textbook (vol. III) The bill of exchange Lesson XIII, 3 of the Presti-Rescigno Textbook (vol. I) Chapter XX of the Campobasso Textbook (vol. III) The check Lesson XIII, 3 of the Presti-Rescigno Textbook (vol. I) Chapter XXI of the Campobasso Textbook (vol. III)

Week 8

WEEK 8 – INSOLVENCY AND BANKRUPTCY Business crisis and insolvency proceedings Lesson XIV, 1 of the Presti-Rescigno Textbook (vol. I) Chapter XXIII of the Campobasso Textbook (vol. II) Crisis resolution through agreement with creditors Lesson XIV, 2-3 of the Presti-Rescigno Textbook (vol. I) Chapter XXV of the Campobasso textbook (vol. III) Bankruptcy proceeding Lesson XV and XVI of the Presti-Rescigno Textbook (vol. I) Chapter XXIV of the Campobasso Textbook (vol. III) Administrative liquidation; insolvency of large enterprises Lesson XVII, 1-3 of the Presti-Rescigno Textbook (vol. I) Chapter XXVI and XXVII of the Campobasso Textbook (vol. III) Over-indebtedness crisis composition Lesson XVII, 4 of the Presti-Rescigno Textbook (vol. I) Chapter XXVIII of the Campobasso Textbook (vol. III)

Week 9

WEEK 9 – COMPANY LAW. PARTNERSHIPS. Notion of company (Article 2247 of Italian Civil Code) Lesson XVIII, 1-2 of the Presti-Rescigno Textbook (vol. II) Chapter I, 1-7.2 of the Campobasso Textbook (vol. II) For-profit companies. Notes on non-profit companies and benefit corporations Lesson XVIII, 2.4 of the Presti-Rescigno Textbook (vol. II) Chapter I, 8–12 of the Campobasso Textbook (vol. II) The taxonomy of corporations: partnerships and capital stock companies Lesson XVIII, 3 of the Presti-Rescigno Textbook (vol. II) Chapter I, B. of the Campobasso Textbook (vol. II) Autonomy and liability Lesson XIX, 3 of the Presti-Rescigno Textbook (vol. II) Chapter II, 1 of the Campobasso Textbook (Vol. II)

Week 10

WEEK 10 – PARTNERSHIPS CONSTITUTION AND ORGANIZATION Partnership constitution. De facto and irregular enterprises. Occult and Apparent enterprises. The participation of corporations in partnerships. Invalidity of partnerships. Lesson XIX, 1 of the Presti-Rescigno Textbook (vol. II) Chapter II, A. of the Campobasso Textbook (vol. II) Contributions, assets and liability Lesson XIX, 2 of the Presti-Rescigno Textbook (vol. II) Chapter II, B. of the Campobasso Textbook (vol. II) Group organization, administrations and controls Lesson XX, 1-3 of the Presti-Rescigno Textbook (vol. II) Chapter II, C. of the Campobasso Textbook (vol. II) Exit from and dissolution of partnership Lesson XX, 4-5 of the Presti-Rescigno Textbook (vol. II) Chapter II, D - E. of the Campobasso Textbook

Week 11

WEEK 11 – CAPITAL STOCK COMPANIES. THE LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY Capital stock companies: introduction Lesson XXI of the Presti-Rescigno Textbook (vol. II) Chapter I, 13-14 of the Campobasso Textbook (vol. II) Limited Liability Company: distinctive features Lesson XXX, 1 of the Presti-Rescigno Textbook (vol. II) Chapter XVIII, 1 of the Campobasso Textbook (vol. II) Constitution and contributions. The “simplified” LLC Lesson XXX, 2-3 of the Presti-Rescigno Textbook (vol. II) Chapter XVIII, 2-4, 12 of the Campobasso Textbook (vol. II) Participation in LLC: equity shares, bonds, withdrawal and exclusion Lesson XXX, 4-6 of the Presti-Rescigno Textbook (vol. II) Chapter XVIII, 5-7 of the Campobasso Textbook (vol. II)

Week 12

WEEK 12 – THE LLC: DECISIONS, ADMINISTRATION AND CONTROLS Shareholders’ decisions Lesson XXXI, 1 of the Presti-Rescigno Textbook (vol. II) Chapter XVIII, 8-9 of the Campobasso Textbook (vol. II) The administration and controls of the LLC. Directors liability. Lesson XXXI, 2 of the Presti-Rescigno Textbook (vol. II) Chapter XVIII, 10 of the Presti-Rescigno Textbook (vol. II)