GENDER POLITICS

GENDER POLITICS

Emiliana De Blasio

Obiettivi formativi

This course provides a comprehensive exploration of gender as a fundamental organizing principle of political life. We will examine how gender shapes power relations, political institutions, public policies, and media representations across diverse global contexts. Drawing on feminist, queer, and intersectional theoretical frameworks, the course will analyze the historical evolution of gender and politics research, contemporary issues in political communication, media representation, and the ongoing struggles for gender equality in public policy Specific Instructional Goals: Conceptual and Theoretical Mastery: To enable students to define and distinguish core concepts in gender politics (e.g., gender vs. sex, patriarchy, misogyny). To facilitate the critical understanding and application of diverse theoretical frameworks, including various feminisms, Queer Theory, and Intersectionality, to analyze political phenomena. Analytical Skills Development: To develop students' ability to critically analyze media representations and narratives from a gendered perspective, identifying stereotypes, biases, and political implications. To train students in the basic principles of discourse analysis, enabling them to deconstruct political communication for hidden gendered meanings and power dynamics. To foster skills in applying theoretical and analytical tools to real-world political issues, policies, and communication. Knowledge of Global and National Gender Politics: To provide a historical understanding of key moments in global gender policy (e.g., Beijing Conference) and its evolution. To inform students about global developments and challenges in specific gender policy areas (rights, health, education, representation). To familiarize students with the concept and practice of gender mainstreaming in public policy. To raise awareness about current challenges and backlash against gender equality advances globally. Critical Engagement and Independent Thinking: To encourage students to engage critically with contemporary debates and challenges within the field of gender politics. To cultivate independent research skills and the ability to construct well-supported, analytical arguments in written form. To foster active participation, discussion, and the respectful consideration of diverse perspectives within the classroom environment.

Risultati di apprendimento attesi

Upon successful completion, students will have the knowledge and skills to: knowledge and understanding: understanding gender equality main issues as policies, actors, strategies Students achieve this basic knowledge through the class attendance and the study of the texts discussed in the classroom Ability to apply knowledge and understanding: learning how to apply a gender perspective to the analysis of politics; to be able to apply different theoretical frameworks and analytical toolkits using case studies and focused comparisons, compare and contrast gender issues, and reflect critically on the strengths and weaknesses of comparative analysis. Skills acquired through workshops in the classroom Judgement skills: to be able to critically assess the arguments for and against greater gender equality across various institutions, and the mechanisms for achieving this; critically evaluate the impact of gender on politics This ability must be applied in the classroom discussion with the teacher and colleagues, during the exercises and in the preparation of the final exam Communication skills: students are called to interact in the classroom through questions, exchanges with classmates, drafting short presentations during the exercise. Skills that are practiced in the classroom with the organization of moments of discussion and exercise Learning skills: students are asked to adopt a critical learning method capable of connecting theoretical skills and empirical analysis, orienting themselves to the specification of an autonomous thought. Skills to be strengthened thanks to the argumentation with the teacher and with the classmates.

Contenuti Del Corso

Module 1: Introductory Concepts & Theories Definition of "gender politics" (distinction from "sex") Core concepts: patriarchy, misogyny, gender norms Key theoretical frameworks: Various feminisms (liberal, radical, Marxist/socialist, poststructuralist, Global South) Queer Theory (challenging heteronormativity, performativity) Intersectionality (multiple overlapping identities) Evolution of gender and politics research Module 2: Media & Gender Representation Gender stereotypes in traditional and digital media LGBTQI+ visibility and representation in media Global media narratives and framing of gender issues Online activism and media strategy (e.g., #MeToo) Module 3: Political Communication and Discourse Analysis Introduction to discourse analysis: language, power, ideology Analysis of gender in political speeches and campaign discourse Gendered communication styles and media performances of political figures Case studies of international political figures Module 4: Gender & Public Policies Historical overview: 1995 Beijing Conference and Platform for Action Global developments in gender policy: Rights (CEDAW, reproductive rights) Health, education, and political representation National policy strategies and gender mainstreaming Challenges and backlash against gender policy advances ("anti-gender movements")

Testi Di Riferimento

- Articles and didactical materials provided by the teacher

Metodologie Didattiche

Interactive Lectures: Presenting core concepts with frequent opportunities for questions and brief discussions. Socratic Seminars and Guided Debates: Facilitating in-depth discussions and structured arguments on key readings and contested topics. Small Group Work and Collaborative Activities: Engaging students in practical application of concepts through peer-to-peer learning (e.g., case studies, policy design challenges, media analysis). Case Study Analysis: Applying theoretical frameworks and analytical tools to real-world political events, policies, and media representations. Media and Discourse Deconstruction: Actively analyzing various media texts to understand gendered messages and their political implications. Inclusive Pedagogy: Prioritizing the creation of a safe, respectful, and reflective learning environment that values diverse perspectives and experiences.

Modalità di verifica dell'apprendimento

•Intermediate Evaluation 1 (Theoretical Foundations): 15% •Intermediate Evaluation 2 (Media, Communication, and Policy): 15% •In-Class Activities and Participation: 10% (This includes active engagement in discussions, thoughtful contributions to group activities, and preparation for in-class exercises like Gender Newsroom and Policy Design Challenge) •Final Essay: 60%

Criteri per l’assegnazione dell’elaborato finale

The topics are proposed to and discussed with the teacher. The thesis work will be supervised by the teacher. The main ( but not exclusive ) macro fields will be communicated through the course's website. Requirements: - Interest in the course's topics. - Capacity to read books and essays in English. It is required to submit a written research design, including methodology, draft table of contents and basic reference The citation system to use is the HARVARD SYSTEM: a concise guide to this system is available in the teacher's official website.

Settimana 1

Module 1 - Introductory Concepts and Theories This foundational module introduces students to the core concepts and theoretical lenses necessary for understanding gender politics. We will grapple with what "gender politics" entails, explore various feminist and queer theoretical perspectives, and trace the evolution of research in this field. What is Gender Politics? Defining "gender" as a social construct vs. "sex" as a biological category. The political salience of gender: how gender structures power, institutions, and identities. Distinction between "women in politics" and "gender politics." Key concepts: patriarchy, misogyny, gender hierarchy, gender norms. Theoretical Frameworks: Feminisms, Queer Theory, Intersectionality Feminisms: Waves of feminism (first, second, third, fourth) and their distinct political projects. Liberal feminism: equal rights, representation, and opportunities. Radical feminism: patriarchal power structures, gender-based violence. Marxist/Socialist feminism: gender and class oppression, economic structures.

Settimana 2

Poststructuralist/Postmodern feminism: deconstruction of gender, discourse, power/knowledge. Global South feminisms: critiques of Western-centric perspectives, focus on colonialism, development, local struggles. Queer Theory: Challenging heteronormativity and binary gender categories. Performativity of gender and sexuality (Judith Butler). Critique of identity politics and essentialism. Relationship between queer theory and feminist scholarship.

Settimana 3

Intersectionality (Kimberlé Crenshaw): Understanding how multiple social identities (race, class, gender, sexuality, disability, etc.) intersect to create unique experiences of oppression and privilege. Its origins in Black feminist thought. Application to political analysis: policy blind spots, coalition building. Evolution of Gender and Politics Research: from studies of women's political participation to gender as a category of analysis. The “add women and stir”phase vs. transformative approaches. Emergence of subfields: gender and international relations, gender and comparative politics, gender and public policy. Theoretical Lenses study

Settimana 4

Module 2 - Media and Gender Representation: This module explores the powerful role of media in constructing, reflecting, and challenging gender norms and political narratives. We will analyze how gender and LGBTQI+ individuals are represented in various media forms and examine the strategies of online activism. Gender and Stereotypes in Traditional and Digital Media Portrayals of men and women in news, advertising, entertainment, and political commentary. Reinforcement of traditional gender roles vs. emerging diverse representations. Impact of media stereotypes on political aspirations and public perception of leaders. The "double bind" for women in politics: perceived as too feminine or not feminine enough.

Settimana 5

LGBTQI+ Visibility and Representation Historical trends in LGBTQI+ media representation (from invisibility to tokenism to more nuanced portrayals). Challenges of misrepresentation, stereotyping, and queerbaiting. The political impact of positive and authentic LGBTQI+ representation. Global Media Narratives and Framing How gender issues are framed in different cultural and political contexts (e.g., "honor killings," FGM, women's rights as human rights). The role of Western media in shaping global narratives about gender in the Global South. Media's influence on international policy debates related to gender. Media Analysis Project: Students choose a media artifact (film, TV show, news article, ad) and analyze its gender representations using course concepts.

Settimana 6

Intermediate Evaluation 1: Theoretical Foundations and Basic Concepts Format: Short Answer / Essay Questions (approx. 45-60 minutes in class). Purpose: To assess understanding of fundamental concepts and the ability to differentiate and apply theoretical frameworks Module 3: Political Communication and Discourse Analysis This module delves into the specifics of political communication, focusing on how language and discourse shape gendered power dynamics. Students will learn the basics of discourse analysis and apply it to real-world political speeches and campaigns. Introduction to Discourse Analysis: Language, Power, and Ideology Defining discourse: not just words, but systems of meaning that shape reality. Foucault's concept of power/knowledge and discourse. Fairclough's Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) framework: description, interpretation, explanation. The relationship between language, ideology, and social practice.

Settimana 7

Political Speeches and Campaign Discourse on Gender Analysis of how gender is invoked in political rhetoric (e.g., "family values," "women's issues," "masculinity in leadership"). Case studies of gendered appeals and attacks in election campaigns. The use of metaphors, analogies, and narratives in constructing gendered political realities. Activity: Discourse Analysis Workshop: Students practice analyzing short political texts for gendered meanings and power dynamics

Settimana 8

Gendered Communication Styles and Media Performances Research on differences in male and female communication styles (e.g., directness, assertiveness, emotional expression). How these styles are perceived and judged in political contexts. Media training and image management for political figures, particularly women and LGBTQI+ individuals. Case studies of how international political figures (e.g., Angela Merkel, Jacinda Ardern, Hillary Clinton) navigate gendered expectations in their communication. In-Class Activity: "Gender Newsroom" Description: In small groups, students will act as a "newsroom" covering a current political event with a prominent gender dimension. They will produce a short news report and/or a discourse analysis snippet of a political quote. Task: Groups will consider how different media outlets might frame the issue and analyze gendered language, stereotypes, or appeals within political discourse related to the event. Learning Outcomes: Applies concepts from Media and Gender Representation (Module 2) and Political Communication & Discourse Analysis (Module 3). Encourages critical analysis of media narratives and political rhetoric, and understanding of diverse perspectives.

Settimana 9

Essay workshop Intermediate Evaluation 2: Media, Communication, and Initial Policy Engagement Mix of Short Answer and Mini-Case Study Analysis (approx. 60-75 minutes in class, or take-home). To assess understanding of media representation, basic discourse analysis, and the initial connection to policy issues

Settimana 10

Module 4: Gender and Public Policies This final module shifts focus to the practical application of gender analysis in public policy. We will examine the historical trajectory of international gender policy, global developments, and the ongoing challenges and backlash against gender-transformative policies Historical Overview: The 1995 Beijing Conference and the Platform for Action Background and context of the Fourth World Conference on Women. Key commitments and critical areas of concern in the Beijing Platform for Action (BPfA). Its enduring legacy and influence on international human rights and development agendas. Critiques and limitations of the BPfA. Global Developments in Gender Policy: Gender Rights: CEDAW (Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women), women's human rights, reproductive rights. Health: Maternal health, sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR), gender-sensitive health services, global health initiatives. Education: Girls' education, gender disparities in STEM, gender-responsive curricula. Representation: Quotas and affirmative action for women in politics and leadership, gender parity in decision-making bodies. Specific examples of policy successes and failures from different countries.

Settimana 11

National Policy Strategies and Gender Mainstreaming What is gender mainstreaming? Integrating a gender perspective into all stages of policy development, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation. Examples of gender mainstreaming in practice (e.g., gender-responsive budgeting, gender impact assessments). Challenges of implementation: political will, bureaucratic resistance, lack of expertise.

Settimana 12

Challenges and Backlash Against Gender Policy Advances Rising anti-gender movements and their arguments (e.g., "gender ideology," "traditional values"). Conservative and populist political forces and their impact on gender equality. Retreat from SRHR, attacks on LGBTQI+ rights, and rollbacks on gender-based violence protections. The "gender fatigue" phenomenon and resistance to gender mainstreaming. Strategies for countering backlash and sustaining progress.