INDUSTRIAL POLICY IN EUROPE
Obiettivi formativi
The course analyzes the evolution of EU intervention in the field of industrial policy over the past 70 years, highlighting key trends and future perspectives. More specifically, in addition to offering a historical overview, the course will focus on current EU instruments related to industry and will contextualize them in light of contemporary challenges, including: (i) the twin transitions (green and digital); (ii) emerging geopolitical risks; (iii) shifts in global competition; (iv) assessments aimed at deepening the EU’s open strategic autonomy.
Prerequisiti
Knowledge of the principles of the EU Treaties and EU legislation as well as all relevant acts (policy papers, etc.) adopted by EU institutions and Member States.
Contenuti Del Corso
Develop students’ knowledge of: (i) Principles regarding the role and evolution of public policies in support of industry and their impact on industrial competitiveness since WWII; (ii) The strategic and institutional framework of industrial policy between EU and national level; (iii) The current policies adopted at EU level compared to other regions in order to foster industrial growth, competitiveness and their possible future evolution.
Testi Di Riferimento
For the full reading list, please refer to LuissLearn. Some recommended readings are indicated below in relation to the individual lectures. The list will be supplemented with specific articles that students will be required to read before each lecture. Every lesson will be accompanied by slides, which will be posted on the class website immediately afterwards to provide useful guidance for course preparation.
Metodologie Didattiche
Blended: frontal and participative method through project works.
- Class participation is crucial for a successful preparation. The course on European Industrial Policy mainly relies on EU policy papers, international press articles, comments and reports that Professors will provide in advance and that students will be required to read and comment during the lecture.
- Simulations: during the course the dynamics of policy decision making will be simulated.
- Case studies will be investigated with the support of external experts.
Modalità di verifica dell'apprendimento
Assessment will take place on a continuous and widespread basis, therefore class participation is of utmost importance. 70% of the final grade will depend from individual and/or group work and class participation. 30% of the overall grade will depend from the final oral exam. The final exam will start from a short essay (1200 words) on one of the topics of the course the students will choose to report on. The paper must be consigned one week before the exam. Starting from the written paper the final exam will evaluate the overall preparation gained during the course through questions and discussion.
Criteri per l’assegnazione dell’elaborato finale
All the information about the thesis can be reached at the following link: Assegnazione tesi ed esame di laurea | Luiss
Settimana 1
Course presentation and organization Industrial policy and the EU
- What is industrial policy?
- Definitions and legal instruments of industrial policy
- Main trends of industrial policy at EU and at the global level
- Key features of European industrial policy (Single Market, competition, trade, financial support, twin transition, strategic autonomy) and latest developments (“Letta” and “Draghi” Reports, communication on Competitiveness Compass)
- The industry’s role in the European economy: from the Industrial Revolution to the current potential impact of the manufacturing sector on the growth and competitiveness of the European economy
Readings
OECD, 2022, An industrial policy framework for OECD countries: old debates, new perspectives https://www.oecd.org/publications/an-industrial-policy-framework-for-oecd-countries-0002217c-en.htm The Draghi Report on EU Competitiveness https://commission.europa.eu/topics/eu-competitiveness/draghi-report_en
Settimana 2
Turning points of European industrial policy: from 1957 to the current developments of the European Industrial Strategy
- The legal basis for the EU intervention in industrial policy
- The role of EU institutions in industrial policy making and their interplay with the State and regional dimension
- The ‘Renaissance’ of European industrial policy
- The ‘twin transition’ and ‘strategic autonomy’ evolution (Chips Act, Critical Raw Materials Act, Net Zero Industry Act, Defence Industrial policy)
Readings
Geoffrey Owen, Industrial policy in Europe since the Second World War: what has been learnt? http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/41902/1/Industrial_policy_in_Europe_since_the__Second_World_War_what_has_been_learnt%28lsero%29.pdf
Settimana 3
The EU Single Market
- The dimension of the EU internal market
- The legal basis for internal market policies
- Court of Justice’s main decisions in the domain of internal market
- Specific policies: Internal market for goods, capitals, public procurement, services, data
- The Digital Single Market
Readings EU Commission Communication, Long term action plan for better implementation and enforcement of single market rules https://learn.luiss.it/pluginfile.php/1262440/mod_resource/content/1/communication-enforcement-implementation-single-market-rules_en_0.pdf Enrico Letta, Much More than a Market (April 2024) https://www.consilium.europa.eu/media/ny3j24sm/much-more-than-a-market-report-by-enrico-letta.pdf
Settimana 4
Competition policy and market regulation in the European Union - The reasons for an antitrust legislation
- Agreements in violation of competition, abuse of dominant position
- Merger control
- State aids
- Current challenges: digital platforms, global competition and European champions
- The relationship between competition and industrial policy
Readings
EU Commission Communication, A competition policy fit for new challenges https://ec.europa.eu/transparency/documents-register/detail?ref=COM(2021)713〈=en
Settimana 5
The new European industrial strategy
- The reasons for a new Industrial Strategy
- The global context
- The European context
- Main elements of the strategy: Twin transition, Digital transition, Strategic Autonomy
- Main instruments of industrial strategy (Important Projects of Common European Interest - IPCEI)
- The Competitiveness Compact
Readings
European Commission Communications on Industrial strategy: 2020 and 2022 https://ec.europa.eu/info/strategy/priorities-2019-2024/europe-fit-digital-age/european-industrial-strategy_en https://ec.europa.eu/info/strategy/priorities-2019-2024/europe-fit-digital-age/european-industrial-strategy_en
The EU Competitiveness Compact https://commission.europa.eu/document/download/10017eb1-4722-4333-add2-e0ed18105a34_en
Settimana 6
European industry and globalisation
- Globalization and its impact on industry
- European "defensive" policies
- FDI screening and anti-subsidies rules and instruments
- Economic and research security
- Free trade agreements and the interests of European industry
- The global playing field challenge: the crisis of WTO
Readings
EU Commission Communication, Trade Policy Review-An Open, Sustainable and Assertive Trade Policy https://trade.ec.europa.eu/doclib/docs/2021/april/tradoc_159541.0270_EN_05.pdf
Settimana 7
Strategic Autonomy
- The EU Chips Act in the Semiconductor Global Tech Race
- The EU Strategy in Raw Materials in the Age of Metals
Readings
Brookings: How Europe aims to achieve strategic autonomy https://www.brookings.edu/techstream/how-europe-aims-to-achieve-strategic-autonomy-for-semiconductors/
European Commission: Critical Raw Materials Resilience: Charting a Path towards greater Security and Sustainability https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52020DC0474&from=EN
Settimana 8
Financial Instruments for the EU Industrial policy
- The Capital Markets Union
- Next Generation EU and the Recovery and Resilience Plan
- Cohesion policy
- The EIB Group
Readings
A modernized cohesion policy https://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/whats-new/newsroom/04-01-2025-a-modernised-cohesion-policy-to-boost-the-eu-s-strategic-priorities_en
The Savings and Investments Union Strategy (SIU) https://finance.ec.europa.eu/document/download/13085856-09c8-4040-918e-890a1ed7dbf2_en?filename=250319-communication-savings-investmlents-union_en.pdf
Settimana 9
SMEs, Startups, creative industries in the EU Industrial strategy
- The importance of SME in the European economy
- Analysis of the SME’s strategy of 2020 - Startup Europe and VC: the initiative for startups
- Creative industries in European industrial policy
Readings
The EU Startup and Scale up Strategy https://research-and-innovation.ec.europa.eu/strategy/strategy-research-and-innovation/jobs-and-economy/eu-startup-and-scaleup-strategy_en
Settimana 10
European Parliament Simulation (date to be confirmed)
Settimana 11
The European Defence and Industrial Strategy (EDIS)
- The impact of the war in Ukraine on the EU Security and Defence Policy
- The relationship with Industrial Policy
- The need to strengthen the European Defence Technological and Industrial Base (EDTIB) and achieve defence industrial readiness
Readings
The European Defence and Industrial Strategy Communication https://defence-industry-space.ec.europa.eu/document/download/643c4a00-0da9-4768-83cd-a5628f5c3063_en?filename=EDIS%20Joint%20Communication.pdf
Settimana 12
Future trends of European Industrial Strategy and Implications of Member States
- The main trends of the European Industrial Policy
- The implications for the Member States: national strategies, aims, instruments, organization
Readings
Industrial policy for the 21st century
https://economy-finance.ec.europa.eu/publications/industrial-policy-21st-century-lessons-past_en