The main objective of the course is the development of the students’ understanding and knowledge of international law and its function in the conduct and regulation of international relations and global affairs. The course will provide a foundation for students to pursue further research, study or professional activities in disciplines associated with international law.

Knowledge and understanding: This course covers the foundations (historical evolution and nature, sources and subjects), implementation mechanisms (international responsibility, dispute settlement and enforcement) and some specific areas of international regulation (human rights, use of force, economic relations and the environment). Applying knowledge and understanding: The course will provide students with a knowledge of the structure of the international community and the foundations of contemporary international law. They will also be able to frame current global affairs through the prism of international law. Making judgements: Through the acquisition and application of the international legal tools, the course will provide students with an autonomous capacity of analysis and problem solving from both theoretical and practical perspectives. Communications Skills: As the course is delivered in English, students will gain a specific language proficiency. They are also required to master the specialist vocabulary and concepts of international law. Learning skills: The course encourages students to critically assess the functioning of the international legal order and to apply their knowledge to current legal issues. This will be also assessed through the final exam.

This course covers the foundations (historical evolution and nature, sources and subjects), implementation mechanisms (international responsibility, dispute settlement and enforcement) and some specific areas of international regulation (human rights, use of force, economic relations and the environment). The focus is on both enduring foundational concepts and current developments, analysing the latter in the light of the former.

Readings will be selected from leading introductory texts, including: A. Clapham, Brierly’s Law of Nations (2012); J. Klabbers, International Law (2021, 3rd edn); P. Gaeta, J. Viñuales & S. Zappalá, Cassese’s International Law (2020, 3rd edn); R. Higgins, Problems & Process: International Law and How We Use It (1994); J. Crawford, Chance, Order, Change: The Course of International Law (2014).

The teaching methods are based on classroom-taught lectures, employing the socratic method as far as practicable. This method generates a good level of involvement, fostering interest from the students. The course does not impose compulsory attendance, but the active participation of students is very useful for the preparation of the exam.

Final written exam.

Assignment to be decided upon satisfactory results in the exam and good knowledge of the basic principles of international law. Good knowledge of the English language and possibly of a second language.