INDIVIDUAL DECISION MAKING AND BEHAVIORAL STRATEGY

INDIVIDUAL DECISION MAKING AND BEHAVIORAL STRATEGY

Giacomo Sillari, Francesca Marzo

Obiettivi formativi

This course aims to introduce you to behavioral economics and its applications. At the end of the course, students will be expected to have learned the fundamentals of the behavioral approach to judgment and decision making and, most importantly, to have learned the tools and acquired the skills necessary to successfully apply behavioral insights in different contexts for different scopes.

Risultati di apprendimento attesi

At the completion of this course, students will be able to: Knowledge and understanding The course will offer key concepts and ideas from behavioral economics and psychology, both in the context of decisions and in the context of judgment. Students will be able to appreciate behavioral descriptive theories of choice and judgment against the backdrop of traditional normative theories of rationality such as expected utility theory and Bayesian updating. Emphasis will be given to the application of behavioral insights for ethically influencing consumer behavior (nudging).  Define behavioral descriptive theories of choice and judgement; Apply behavioral insights for ethically influencing consumer behavior (nudging). Applying knowledge and understanding An integral part of this course is the project work that students will build throughout the semester with the help of the instructors' and peers' feedback. They will learn how to take insights from behavioral economics and apply them to a behavioral issue to try and bring about behavior change. While students will not be expected to be carrying out actual experiments, they are supposed to provide both a behavioral diagnosis to identify the levers of behavior change, and an application of behavioral insights to operate those levers. Apply behavioral economics and insights to an issue to bring about behavior change; Provide behavioral diagnoses of an issue; Identify the levers of change on a behavioral issue. Making Judgements Students will be able to understand the bounds of traditional normative models, which will improve their analytical and decision-making skills. In particular, students will appreciate the importance of taking into account data and the pitfalls of relying on partial data, as it is often intuitively done. Thus, this course not only will expand the conceptual toolbox of students, enabling them to make judgment on a wider area, but will also give students the conceptual tools to avoid common mistakes and ameliorate their judgment skills. Define the bounds of traditional normative models; Discuss the importance of having complete data; Make precise and confident judgements of behavioral interventions. Communication Skills Part of the lectures will be devoted to class discussion, helping students articulate their knowledge and sharpen their communication skills. Part of student assessment will revolve around presentations, discussions and providing feedback. Engage in collegial discussions and feedback. Learning Skills This course stresses the importance of autonomous learning and will empower students by offer them innovative analytical tools to reason about choices in society and in the economic models on which behavioral interventions are based. Evaluate economic models for decision makings.

Contenuti Del Corso

Expected utility Theory and Violations Prospect Theory Heuristics and Bias Intertemporal Choice Nudging and Behavioral interventions Behavioral insights Experiments in Nudging Social Norms Norm-Nudging Behavioral Strategy

Testi Di Riferimento

The key textbooks for the course are: Dilip Soman (2015). The Last Mile. Guidance Centre Univ of Toronto. Cristina Bicchieri (2016). Norms in the Wild. OUP USA. Erik Angner (2020). A Course in Behaviorla Economics (3rd ed.). Red Globe Press.

Metodologie Didattiche

Individual assessments through Infographic; Paper Reading; Video Development; Exercises and Quizzes; Forum Discussion; Project Work; The first half of the course will be based mostly on theory with an individual focus. The second half of the course will be based on applications of the theory with a team-based approach.

Modalità di verifica dell'apprendimento

Students will be evaluated on the following activities (% of total grade): Individual Weekly assignments: 50% Weekly individual and group work: 10% Research- based project: 30% Mandatory in person assessment: 10%

Criteri per l’assegnazione dell’elaborato finale

Active attendance at the course; Quality of the proposed issue for the thesis. 

Settimana 1

Asynchonous or synchronous lesson Familiarize students with the course structure, general topics and goals Offer a structured and formalized way to think about decision making Establish the crucial link between preferences and choice behavior E-tivities Self-check quiz Discussion forum Related Material Chapter 1 of The last mile Chapter 1 of A course in Behavioral Economics. Lecture slides

Settimana 2

Expected Utility Theory and Violations Asynchonous or synchronous lesson Clarify and discuss the difference between normative and descriptive theories Clarify and discuss the link between certain fundamental principles of choice and economic rationality Describe, analyze and discuss the major violations of rationality typically observed in lab experiments on human behavior Offer examples of such contrasts and of their costliness to decision makers E-tivities Assigned Exercises  Related Material Chapter 2, 3 and 4 of A course in Behavioral Economics. Lecture slides

Settimana 3

Prospect Theory Asynchonous or synchronous lesson Illustrate what it takes to build a descriptively accurate theory of decision making (prospect theory) Identify the main concepts behind such a theory Resolve at least some of the contrasts between our intuitions/behavior and economic rationality that were brought up in week 3 (possible extra credit) E-tivities Assigned Exercises  Related Material Chapter 5, 6 and 7 of A course in Behavioral Economics. Lecture slides

Settimana 4

Heuristics and Bias (I) Asynchonous or synchronous lesson Introduce a second “meaning” of rationality, i.e. rationality of judgments rather than of decisions and in particular rationality of probabilistic judgment Illustrate how our intuitions deviate from rational thinking and adopt heuristics that, in some situations, lead us into systematic error (bias) Explore one such heuristics, clarifying what it means to think “representatively” E-tivities Assigned Exercises  Related Material Chapter 2, 3 and 4 of The last mile. Lecture slides

Settimana 5

Heuristics and Bias (II) Asynchonous or synchronous lesson Continue the work started in week 5 on representativeness, especially in its link with how we should factor in our judgments new information and evidence Discuss a second heuristics (availability) and dissect its relation to judgments relative to risk. Explain the importance of heuristics in judgment in relation to behavior through the introduction of the anchoring heuristics. E-tivities Assigned Exercises  Related Material Chapter 5 and 6 of The last mile. Lecture slides

Settimana 6

Intertemporal Choice (I) Asynchonous or synchronous lesson Understand the difference between a theory of intertemporal choice and commonly observed incoherence in intertemporal behavior Develop the ability to identify intertemporal incoherence and design a variety of methods to overcome pernicious aspects. E-tivities Assigned Exercises  Related Material Chapter 8 of A course in Behavioral Economics. Lecture slides

Settimana 7

Intertemporal Choice (II) Asynchonous or synchronous lesson Reasoning on naïve vs sophisticated problems Understanding preferences over profiles, remembered preferences and future preferences Analysing intertemporal wrap up E-tivities Assigned Exercises  Related Material Chapter 9 of A course in Behavioral Economics. Lecture slides

Settimana 8

Behavioral insights Asynchonous or synchronous lesson Introduction to principal tools and framework for behavioral change Analysis of prescriptive models Varieties of Experiments, Questions of validity, an example, importance of experiments for interventions Ethical issues E-tivities Assigned Exercises  Related Material Chapter 7 and 8 of The last mile. Lecture slides

Settimana 9

Social Preferences Asynchonous or synchronous lesson Games and interactive behavior How interactions shape our preferences: introducing social preferences through dicator and ultimatum games What factors influence our social preferences? Modeling fairness WEIRD experimental subjects E-tivities Assigned Exercises  Related Material Chapter 10 and 11 of A course in Behavioral Economics. Lecture slides

Settimana 10

Social Norms Asynchonous or synchronous lesson Investigate the nature of collective patterns of behavior to harness the power of social norms for behavior change Analyze and discuss the notion that social behaviors can and should be measured as precisely as possible in order to properly work in behavioral interventions Differentiate between four fundamental kinds of collective patterns: customs, moral norms, descriptive norms, social norms E-tivities Assigned Exercises  Related Material Chapter 1 and 2 of Norms in the wild. Lecture slides

Settimana 11

Norm Nudging Asynchonous or synchronous lesson Analyze nudges that present a social message or aspect Social Network Analysis for norm-nudging Changing Social Norms: coordinating responses Introducing a new norm: the role of normative expectations E-tivities Assigned Exercises  Related Material Chapter 3, 4 and 5 of Norms in the wild. Lecture slides

Settimana 12

Nudging and Boosting Asynchonous or synchronous lesson Explore models and best practices to apply behavioral sciences to behavioral interventions (topic for behavioral intervention to be reduced to behavioral insights using the guidelines) Explain through examples the characteristics of an applied approach to behavioral strategies (BASIC toolkit, Chapter on structuring behavioral intervention) Learn about insights applied to behavioral interventions Review some essential aspects of nudging, in particular the ethical aspects Look at the two major strategies for behavioral interventions: highlight and understand their differences, strengths and weaknesses depending on context and assess opportunity to use either one in behavioral interventions E-tivities Assigned Exercises  Related Material Chapter 9 and 10 of The last mile and Chapter 12 of A course in Behavioral Economics. Lecture slides