Instructional goals
The course aims at stimulating critical thinking and at training the students’ ability to construct and deconstruct the fundamentals of Italian Private Law, both with an analytical and systematic method.
Intended learning outcomes
Knowledge and understanding:
By participating in the lectures and laboratories of the course, the students will acquire full knowledge of the categories and institutes of private law, also in the light of the supranational framework. The lessons are held with a dialectical and interactive method, with the active participation of the student, aimed at forming a conscious maturation of legal logic and technical language; and an aptitude for conceptual and systematic construction.
Ability to apply knowledge and understanding:
Dialectical and interactive method of the lessons and use of online content discussed with the teacher will facilitate the path towards the conscious use of categories. In this way, students will be able to solve concrete cases, making a correct application of the rules and principles that govern relations between individuals.
The acquisition of this knowledge will be ascertained through the oral interview that will take place at the end of the course. In particular, the final interview aims to ascertain the maturation of the method, and the mastery of the necessary logical tools.
Participation in legal practice and clinics may be scheduled.
Autonomy of judgment:
Through the conscious training of a rigorous method, the student will be able to select and combine data and documents; and to analyze the normative sources and the orientations in doctrine and jurisprudence relevant to private law. It will acquire the ability to independently evaluate such data by formulating his own critical judgment on the application of them, identifying the appropriate solutions to the cases discussed with the teacher.
Communication skills:
At the end of the course the student will be able to master, with terminological precision, the technical-legal lexicon of private law. By participating in the various activities of the course - lessons with classroom discussions, oral exams, simulated process, written tests, laboratories - the student will learn to use these communicative resources in different contexts, so as to develop clear and effective exposure skills.
Learning ability:
The technical-legal knowledge acquired during the course will allow the student to refine their understanding, critically orienting the study of issues and problems of private law. The student will be guided to develop a conscious knowledge of the fundamental categories and rigorously carry out the legal logic, so as to acquire the method to explore the profiles addressed independently and undertake in the best way the different paths of formation, also professional.
Course Contents
The lessons will follow two directions:
General outline, aimed at providing the basic categories and theoretical foundations;
Special section, aimed at analysing the fundamentals of Italian Private Law and at assessing remarkable cases.
The students will be able to measure and increase his or her aptitude for analytical reasoning, and to refine his or her capacity for systematic and rational argumentation in case solving.
Reference Books
ORLANDI, Introduzione alla logica giuridica, Il Mulino, Bologna, 2021.
ORLANDI, Del significare, Giappichelli, Torino, 2021 (nelle parti indicate a lezione).
An updated manual (at least latest or second-last edition) of private law, at university level (a selection of topics will be specified by the teacher).
Leaving full freedom of choice, I indicate among the others (in purely alphabetical order):
GAZZONI, Manuale di diritto privato, ed. ESI.
MACARIO, Introduzione al diritto privato, Bologna, Il Mulino, 2021.
TORRENTE – SCHLESINGER, Manuale di diritto privato, ed. Giuffré.
TRABUCCHI, Istituzioni di diritto civile, ed. Wolters Kluwer Cedam.
ROPPO, Diritto privato, ed. Giappichelli
Cases and literature uploaded on the University website.
Teaching Methods
Interactive lessons.
Legal clinics and case assessments.
Assessment Method
The exam consists of an oral interview. The student will have to demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the institutes and principles of private law, including their application to practical cases submitted to his or her attention by the examiner, also through the presentation of concrete examples. The student will have to independently analyze the sources and relevant doctrines of private law and correctly use the technical-legal vocabulary of the subject, thus demonstrating that he or she has achieved the method and learning ability necessary to deepen the subject further independently.
For the purposes of assigning a mark out of thirty, the following evaluation criteria will be taken into account:
- knowledge and understanding of the institutes and the principles of the subject and the ability to apply them to concrete cases (60%);
- command of the technical-legal lexicon (25%);
- ability to consult and interpret relevant sources and acquisition of the study method (15%).
The student's ability to carry out a critical analysis of the rules that make up civil law will be positively assessed. The same applies to the student's ability to offer a systematic reading of the legal system.
Training gaps on one or more institutes or principles will lead to an insufficient evaluation even in the presence of basic knowledge of the subject.
Thesis assignment criteria
Interview with the Professor.
Week 1 Contenuto sessioni on line e on campus
General outline (7 hours)
Session 1 on campus
• Descriptive language and prescriptive language.
• Norm and command.
• Norm and prediction.
Session 2 on line
• Hermeneutics of the facts. Semantics of the texts.
• Natural law and legal law.
• Descriptive norms and constitutive norms
• Juridical nature
Coercibility theory and sanction theory
Imperative theory
Source theory. Concept of relevance
Week 2 Contenuto sessioni on line e on campus
General outline (7 hours)
Session 1 on campus
• Descriptive language and prescriptive language.
• Norm and command.
• Norm and prediction.
Session 2 on line
• Hermeneutics of the facts. Semantics of the texts.
• Natural law and legal law.
• Descriptive norms and constitutive norms
• Juridical nature
Coercibility theory and sanction theory
Imperative theory
Source theory. Concept of relevance
Week 3 Contenuto sessioni on line e on campus
General outline (4/5 hours)
Session 1 on campus
• Notion of legal system.
• The principle of completeness and consistency
• Law, provision and rule. The ‘implicit norms’
• Structure and features of the legal norm
• The legal norm as a hypothetical judgment
Session 2 online
• Generality and abstractness
• Case (fattispecie) and effect
• Legal causation
• Legal and natural causation
• Legal syllogism
• From general to particular. The three cases (fattispecie): abstract; concrete; case
Special section (2/3 hours)
• The notion of subject of rights
• The natural person and legal capacity
• Physical person and capacity of action
• Legal incapacity
Minor age
Interdiction
• Special assistance management
Week 4 Contenuto sessioni on line e on campus
General outline (4/5 hours)
Session 1 on campus
• Case (fattispecie) analysis
• Eventuality of the fact
• The determining function of the case (fattispecie)
• Simple facts and complex facts. Instant facts and continuous facts.
• Simple, alternative, complex case (fattispecie).
• Rules without case (fattispecie)?
Session 2 online
• Progressive formation case (profiles of the consensual principle)
• Classification of juridical facts
• Natural and human fact
• Acts and legal transactions
Special section (2/3 hours)
• Legal incapacity and natural incapacity
• Mental capacity
• Acts performed by the naturally incapable person
• Legal entities
• Legal person and capacity
• Recognised and unrecognised associations
• Unrecognised associations. Internal order and liability
Week 5 Contenuto sessioni on line e on campus
General outline (4/5 hours)
Session 1 on campus
• The legal effect.
• Static and dynamic of the effect.
• The effect as a case in point (fattispecie).
• The subjective juridical positions. Notion. The subjects of the legal evaluations.
• Subjective juridical positions as legal effects.
• Active unfavourable juridical positions and inactive favourable juridical positions.
Session 2 online
• The obligation
• The subjective right
• Classifications of subjective rights
• Absolute rights (or rights in rem) and relative rights (or rights in personam). Property and other rights in rem.
• Potestative right and subjection
• Personality rights
• Fundamental rights
• Burden
Special section (2/3 hours)
• Personality rights
• Notion and evolution of personality rights.
• Normative cases (fattispecie) and judicial development of the personality rights.
• The right to a name
• Image rights
• The right to confidentiality
• Honor and reputation
Week 6 Contenuto sessioni on line e on campus
General outline (4/5 hours)Session 1 on campus
• The interpretative process.
• Legal discipline of the interpretation of law. Art. 12 of the provisions on law in general
• The norm as meaning.
• Interpretation and application of law
Session 2 online
• The doctrinal interpretation
• The judicial interpretation
• Civil law and common law systems.
• Authentic interpretation
• Methods of interpretation provided for by art.12 disp. prel.
• The literal or semantic method
• The logical-systematic method
• The teleological method
Speciel section (2/3 hours)
• The family.
• Legal and de facto family.
• Marriage
• Conditions for marriage
• Civil marriage and religious marriage
• Nullity of marriage
• Incapacity and vices of will (esp. error on the personal qualities)
• Simulation of marriage
• Putative marriage
Week 7 Contenuto sessioni on line e on campus
General outline (4/5 hours)
Session 1 on campus
•Interaction between interpretation methods
• Extensive and restrictive interpretation
• Systematic interpretation
• Evolutionary interpretation
• Hermeneutics of facts and semantics of texts
Session 2 online
• The second paragraph of art. 12 disp. prel
• The problem of legal gaps
• Self-integration and heterointegration
• The analogia legis
• Analogia legis and extensive interpretation
• The analogia iuris
Special section (2/3 hours)
• Personal and property relationships between spouses. Family law reform. Rights and duties of spouses
• Family life issues
• Judicial intervention
• Matrimonial property regimes
• Introduction. Statutory and conventional regimes
• The statutory communion of property
• Scope of communion
• Personal property
• Administration of communal assets
• The refusal of consent and acts performed in the absence of consent
• Termination of communion of property
Week 8 Contenuto sessioni on line e on campus
General outline (4/5 hours)
Session 1 on campus
• The general principles of the State's law
• The prohibition of analogical application of criminal and exceptional rules. Ratio.
• Special and exceptional rules
Drittwirkung and constitutional principles
Session 2 online
• Hierarchy of norms
• The contrast between sources
• The constitution-oriented interpretation
• Principles and general clauses
• Disapplication of law
Special section (2/3 hours)
• Conventional property regimes
• The separation of assets
• Administration and use of assets
• The asset fund
Constitution and administration of the fund
Asset fund and liability
• The family business
Week 9 Contenuto sessioni on line e on campus
General outline (4/5 hours)
Session 1 on campus
The goods
Things and goods
Goods and rights
Classifications of goods
Tangibles and intangibles
Movables and immovables
Fungible and infungible
consumable and inconsumable goods.
Goods and assets
From estate to the legal sphere
Session 2 online
The property
Historical figures. Evolution of the concept.
Property in the 1942 civil code
Analysis of statutory definitions
The content of property right. Powers of use and disposition
Limits, constraints and obligations
The prohibition of emulative acts. The theory of abuse of right
Special section (2/3 hours)
The filiation
Legitimate and natural filiation
The status of legitimate child
Legal presumptions
The disavowal of paternity
Challenge and claim for legitimacy
Natural filiation
The recognition of natural children
Effects of recognition
The judicial declaration of paternity
The legitimation of natural children
Week 10 Contenuto sessioni on line e on campus
General outline (4/5 hours)
Session 1 on campus
Property in the civil code
The debate on the social function of property
Property limits in the private interest
Production needs and private property. Property and economic freedom.
Property in the Constitution
The problem of the so-called minimum content of property right
Session 2 online
Rights (in rem) to use
The problem of the typicality of the rights in rem. (ideo)logical and normative aspects
Usufruct
Predial servitude
Surface
Cutting-edge questions: ownership (appartenenza) and entitlement (spettanza)
Special section (2/3 hours)
Succession upon death
Main notions. Inheritance and legacy.
Titles to succession: intestate succession, necessary succession, testamentary succession
Acquisition and waiver of inheritance
Opening of succession, capacity to succeed, indignity
Agreements as to succession
Notion and classifications
The prohibition of agreements as to succession
Agreements as to succession and family agreement
The intestate succession
The necessary succession
Persons entitled to a reserved portion
The reserved portion
Violation of the reserved portion: computation methods (riunione fittizia)
The Claw-back action (azione di riduzione)
Week 11 Contenuto sessioni on line e on campus
General outline (4/5 hours)
Session 1 on campus
Law and time. The prescription
The scope of prescription
The expiry of the prescription period (start, suspension and interruption)
Session 2 online
Period of the prescription. Ordinary prescription and short prescriptions.
Presumptive prescriptions
Prescription as a cause of 'reduction'.
Prescription and forfeiture
Special section (2/3 hours)
The will
Testamentary forms
The invalidity of the will
The revocation of the will
Express and implicit revocation. The problem of multiple wills.
Legacies
Week 12 Contenuto sessioni on line e on campus
General profile (4/5 hours)
Session 1 on campus
From iura in rem to iura in personam (obligation).
General notions about obligations. Interaction with the Private Law II Program
Concept of source of the relationship
The structure of the relationship
Performance and relationship.
Session 2 online
Natural obligations
The parties of the obligation
Obligation and plurality of persons
The reduced obligation
Discharge of the obligation. Performance and manners of discharge other than performance
The obligation without performance
Special section (2/3 hours)
Possession
Notion. Reasons for protection.
Possession and detention
The 'circulation' of possession. Acquisition and loss of possession.
Succession and accession
Effects of possession
The circulation of movable property. Conflict between multiple purchasers of movable property and the “possesso vale titolo” rule
Possession and usucapione
The problem of continuity of possession
Actions for recovery of possession