ITALIAN PRIVATE LAW

Mauro Orlandi

Instructional goals

The course aims at stimulating critical thinking and at training the students’ ability to construct and deconstruct the fundamentals of Italian Private Law, both with an analytical and systematic method.

Intended learning outcomes

Knowledge and understanding: By participating in the lectures and laboratories of the course, the students will acquire full knowledge of the categories and institutes of private law, also in the light of the supranational framework. The lessons are held with a dialectical and interactive method, with the active participation of the student, aimed at forming a conscious maturation of legal logic and technical language; and an aptitude for conceptual and systematic construction. Ability to apply knowledge and understanding: Dialectical and interactive method of the lessons and use of online content discussed with the teacher will facilitate the path towards the conscious use of categories. In this way, students will be able to solve concrete cases, making a correct application of the rules and principles that govern relations between individuals. The acquisition of this knowledge will be ascertained through the oral interview that will take place at the end of the course. In particular, the final interview aims to ascertain the maturation of the method, and the mastery of the necessary logical tools. Participation in legal practice and clinics may be scheduled. Autonomy of judgment: Through the conscious training of a rigorous method, the student will be able to select and combine data and documents; and to analyze the normative sources and the orientations in doctrine and jurisprudence relevant to private law. It will acquire the ability to independently evaluate such data by formulating his own critical judgment on the application of them, identifying the appropriate solutions to the cases discussed with the teacher. Communication skills: At the end of the course the student will be able to master, with terminological precision, the technical-legal lexicon of private law. By participating in the various activities of the course - lessons with classroom discussions, oral exams, simulated process, written tests, laboratories - the student will learn to use these communicative resources in different contexts, so as to develop clear and effective exposure skills. Learning ability: The technical-legal knowledge acquired during the course will allow the student to refine their understanding, critically orienting the study of issues and problems of private law. The student will be guided to develop a conscious knowledge of the fundamental categories and rigorously carry out the legal logic, so as to acquire the method to explore the profiles addressed independently and undertake in the best way the different paths of formation, also professional.

Course Contents

The lessons will follow two directions: General outline, aimed at providing the basic categories and theoretical foundations; Special section, aimed at analysing the fundamentals of Italian Private Law and at assessing remarkable cases. The students will be able to measure and increase his or her aptitude for analytical reasoning, and to refine his or her capacity for systematic and rational argumentation in case solving.

Reference Books

ORLANDI, Introduzione alla logica giuridica, Il Mulino, Bologna, 2021. ORLANDI, Del significare, Giappichelli, Torino, 2021 (nelle parti indicate a lezione). An updated manual (at least latest or second-last edition) of private law, at university level (a selection of topics will be specified by the teacher). Leaving full freedom of choice, I indicate among the others (in purely alphabetical order): GAZZONI, Manuale di diritto privato, ed. ESI. MACARIO, Introduzione al diritto privato, Bologna, Il Mulino, 2021. TORRENTE – SCHLESINGER, Manuale di diritto privato, ed. Giuffré. TRABUCCHI, Istituzioni di diritto civile, ed. Wolters Kluwer Cedam. ROPPO, Diritto privato, ed. Giappichelli Cases and literature uploaded on the University website.

Teaching Methods

Interactive lessons. Legal clinics and case assessments.

Assessment Method

The exam consists of an oral interview. The student will have to demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the institutes and principles of private law, including their application to practical cases submitted to his or her attention by the examiner, also through the presentation of concrete examples. The student will have to independently analyze the sources and relevant doctrines of private law and correctly use the technical-legal vocabulary of the subject, thus demonstrating that he or she has achieved the method and learning ability necessary to deepen the subject further independently. For the purposes of assigning a mark out of thirty, the following evaluation criteria will be taken into account: - knowledge and understanding of the institutes and the principles of the subject and the ability to apply them to concrete cases (60%); - command of the technical-legal lexicon (25%); - ability to consult and interpret relevant sources and acquisition of the study method (15%). The student's ability to carry out a critical analysis of the rules that make up civil law will be positively assessed. The same applies to the student's ability to offer a systematic reading of the legal system. Training gaps on one or more institutes or principles will lead to an insufficient evaluation even in the presence of basic knowledge of the subject.

Thesis assignment criteria

Interview with the Professor.

Week 1 Contenuto sessioni on line e on campus

General outline (7 hours) Session 1 on campus • Descriptive language and prescriptive language. • Norm and command. • Norm and prediction. Session 2 on line • Hermeneutics of the facts. Semantics of the texts. • Natural law and legal law. • Descriptive norms and constitutive norms • Juridical nature Coercibility theory and sanction theory Imperative theory Source theory. Concept of relevance

Week 2 Contenuto sessioni on line e on campus

General outline (7 hours) Session 1 on campus • Descriptive language and prescriptive language. • Norm and command. • Norm and prediction. Session 2 on line • Hermeneutics of the facts. Semantics of the texts. • Natural law and legal law. • Descriptive norms and constitutive norms • Juridical nature Coercibility theory and sanction theory Imperative theory Source theory. Concept of relevance

Week 3 Contenuto sessioni on line e on campus

General outline (4/5 hours) Session 1 on campus • Notion of legal system. • The principle of completeness and consistency • Law, provision and rule. The ‘implicit norms’ • Structure and features of the legal norm • The legal norm as a hypothetical judgment Session 2 online • Generality and abstractness • Case (fattispecie) and effect • Legal causation • Legal and natural causation • Legal syllogism • From general to particular. The three cases (fattispecie): abstract; concrete; case Special section (2/3 hours) • The notion of subject of rights • The natural person and legal capacity • Physical person and capacity of action • Legal incapacity Minor age Interdiction • Special assistance management

Week 4 Contenuto sessioni on line e on campus

General outline (4/5 hours) Session 1 on campus • Case (fattispecie) analysis • Eventuality of the fact • The determining function of the case (fattispecie) • Simple facts and complex facts. Instant facts and continuous facts. • Simple, alternative, complex case (fattispecie). • Rules without case (fattispecie)? Session 2 online • Progressive formation case (profiles of the consensual principle) • Classification of juridical facts • Natural and human fact • Acts and legal transactions Special section (2/3 hours) • Legal incapacity and natural incapacity • Mental capacity • Acts performed by the naturally incapable person • Legal entities • Legal person and capacity • Recognised and unrecognised associations • Unrecognised associations. Internal order and liability

Week 5 Contenuto sessioni on line e on campus

General outline (4/5 hours) Session 1 on campus • The legal effect. • Static and dynamic of the effect. • The effect as a case in point (fattispecie). • The subjective juridical positions. Notion. The subjects of the legal evaluations. • Subjective juridical positions as legal effects. • Active unfavourable juridical positions and inactive favourable juridical positions. Session 2 online • The obligation • The subjective right • Classifications of subjective rights • Absolute rights (or rights in rem) and relative rights (or rights in personam). Property and other rights in rem. • Potestative right and subjection • Personality rights • Fundamental rights • Burden Special section (2/3 hours) • Personality rights • Notion and evolution of personality rights. • Normative cases (fattispecie) and judicial development of the personality rights. • The right to a name • Image rights • The right to confidentiality • Honor and reputation

Week 6 Contenuto sessioni on line e on campus

General outline (4/5 hours)Session 1 on campus • The interpretative process. • Legal discipline of the interpretation of law. Art. 12 of the provisions on law in general • The norm as meaning. • Interpretation and application of law Session 2 online • The doctrinal interpretation • The judicial interpretation • Civil law and common law systems. • Authentic interpretation • Methods of interpretation provided for by art.12 disp. prel. • The literal or semantic method • The logical-systematic method • The teleological method Speciel section (2/3 hours) • The family. • Legal and de facto family. • Marriage • Conditions for marriage • Civil marriage and religious marriage • Nullity of marriage • Incapacity and vices of will (esp. error on the personal qualities) • Simulation of marriage • Putative marriage

Week 7 Contenuto sessioni on line e on campus

General outline (4/5 hours) Session 1 on campus •Interaction between interpretation methods • Extensive and restrictive interpretation • Systematic interpretation • Evolutionary interpretation • Hermeneutics of facts and semantics of texts Session 2 online • The second paragraph of art. 12 disp. prel • The problem of legal gaps • Self-integration and heterointegration • The analogia legis • Analogia legis and extensive interpretation • The analogia iuris Special section (2/3 hours) • Personal and property relationships between spouses. Family law reform. Rights and duties of spouses • Family life issues • Judicial intervention • Matrimonial property regimes • Introduction. Statutory and conventional regimes • The statutory communion of property • Scope of communion • Personal property • Administration of communal assets • The refusal of consent and acts performed in the absence of consent • Termination of communion of property

Week 8 Contenuto sessioni on line e on campus

General outline (4/5 hours) Session 1 on campus • The general principles of the State's law • The prohibition of analogical application of criminal and exceptional rules. Ratio. • Special and exceptional rules Drittwirkung and constitutional principles Session 2 online • Hierarchy of norms • The contrast between sources • The constitution-oriented interpretation • Principles and general clauses • Disapplication of law Special section (2/3 hours) • Conventional property regimes • The separation of assets • Administration and use of assets • The asset fund Constitution and administration of the fund Asset fund and liability • The family business

Week 9 Contenuto sessioni on line e on campus

General outline (4/5 hours) Session 1 on campus The goods Things and goods Goods and rights Classifications of goods Tangibles and intangibles Movables and immovables Fungible and infungible consumable and inconsumable goods. Goods and assets From estate to the legal sphere Session 2 online The property Historical figures. Evolution of the concept. Property in the 1942 civil code Analysis of statutory definitions The content of property right. Powers of use and disposition Limits, constraints and obligations The prohibition of emulative acts. The theory of abuse of right Special section (2/3 hours) The filiation Legitimate and natural filiation The status of legitimate child Legal presumptions The disavowal of paternity Challenge and claim for legitimacy Natural filiation The recognition of natural children Effects of recognition The judicial declaration of paternity The legitimation of natural children

Week 10 Contenuto sessioni on line e on campus

General outline (4/5 hours) Session 1 on campus Property in the civil code The debate on the social function of property Property limits in the private interest Production needs and private property. Property and economic freedom. Property in the Constitution The problem of the so-called minimum content of property right Session 2 online Rights (in rem) to use The problem of the typicality of the rights in rem. (ideo)logical and normative aspects Usufruct Predial servitude Surface Cutting-edge questions: ownership (appartenenza) and entitlement (spettanza) Special section (2/3 hours) Succession upon death Main notions. Inheritance and legacy. Titles to succession: intestate succession, necessary succession, testamentary succession Acquisition and waiver of inheritance Opening of succession, capacity to succeed, indignity Agreements as to succession Notion and classifications The prohibition of agreements as to succession Agreements as to succession and family agreement The intestate succession The necessary succession Persons entitled to a reserved portion The reserved portion Violation of the reserved portion: computation methods (riunione fittizia) The Claw-back action (azione di riduzione)

Week 11 Contenuto sessioni on line e on campus

General outline (4/5 hours) Session 1 on campus Law and time. The prescription The scope of prescription The expiry of the prescription period (start, suspension and interruption) Session 2 online Period of the prescription. Ordinary prescription and short prescriptions. Presumptive prescriptions Prescription as a cause of 'reduction'. Prescription and forfeiture Special section (2/3 hours) The will Testamentary forms The invalidity of the will The revocation of the will Express and implicit revocation. The problem of multiple wills. Legacies

Week 12 Contenuto sessioni on line e on campus

General profile (4/5 hours) Session 1 on campus From iura in rem to iura in personam (obligation). General notions about obligations. Interaction with the Private Law II Program Concept of source of the relationship The structure of the relationship Performance and relationship. Session 2 online Natural obligations The parties of the obligation Obligation and plurality of persons The reduced obligation Discharge of the obligation. Performance and manners of discharge other than performance The obligation without performance Special section (2/3 hours) Possession Notion. Reasons for protection. Possession and detention The 'circulation' of possession. Acquisition and loss of possession. Succession and accession Effects of possession The circulation of movable property. Conflict between multiple purchasers of movable property and the “possesso vale titolo” rule Possession and usucapione The problem of continuity of possession Actions for recovery of possession