EUROPEAN UNION LAW

Giacomo Biagioni

Instructional goals

Provide students with fundamental knowledge of EU Law, also through the analysis of the most relevant case law and the current events. At the end of the course, students will be able to deeply understand the functioning of the EU legal order. Moreover, they will manage to comprehend the specificity and uniqueness of such legal system, which is on the border between international and constitutional law. It is a system which prevails over national laws and directs their evolution and development. Finally, students will be able to analyze and interpret current events thanks to their knowledges in the field of EU law.

Prerequisites

Propedeutical exams passed.

Intended learning outcomes

Knowledge and understanding: students will have a high level of knowledge of EU law foundations. The acquisition of these skills will be tested during class discussions throughout the course and also in the final test (written or oral). Written test will be held in the first examination session and is reserved to those who attended at least 80% of the classes and opted for it instead of oral examination. Oral examination is the only option for all other students. Applying knowledge and understanding: students will be able to handle materials others from the book, i.e. European Treaties and Court of justice’s case law, as well as to apply the acquired knowledges in the analysis of the EU legal order. The acquisition of these skills will be tested during class discussions throughout the course and also in the final test (written or oral). Written test will be held in the first examination session and is reserved to those who attended at least 80% of the classes and opted for it instead of oral examination. Oral examination is the only option for all other students. Making judgment: students will be able to develop critical thinking, also thanks to the continuous interaction with other students and the lecturer during the course (both on-line and on campus). Communication skills: Students will learn an appropriate legal vocabulary and gain appropriate communication skills in the field of EU law. This will be achieved through the analysis of both legal sources and case law. The skills will be tested during class discussions and also in the final test (written or oral). Written test will be held in the first examination session and is reserved to those who attended at least 80% of the classes and opted for it instead of oral examination. Oral examination is the only option for all other students. Learning skills: students will be able to freely evaluate the EU-related phenomena and processes. Moreover, students will develop a strong knowledge of the key topics of EU law, which will help them to deepen their studies in this field and to undertake different professional paths after the completion of their studies.

Course Contents

1) Origins and development of European integration 2) EU Membership, values and goals 3) EU institutions 4) EU competences, subsidiarity and proportionality 5) Decision making procedures 6) Exercise of EU external competences 7) Primary law and secondary law 8) The impact of EU law over national legal order: primacy and direct effect 9) Non-judicial protection of rights 10) Judicial protection of rights before the Court of justice (and the related division of competences between the Court of justice and the General Court) and before national judges. 11) Infringement proceedings 12) Annulment proceedings 13) Failure to act 14) Preliminary proceedings 15) Non-contractual liability of the EU 16) “Minor” competences of the Court of justice 17) Judicial protection and procedural law 18) Judicial protection and damage compensation 19) Judicial protection and the duty of consistent interpretation 20) An overview on EU substantive law and EU policies: in particular, internal market, citizenship, competition 21) Area of freedom, security and justice 22) External EU policies

Reference Books

A. Adam, A. Tizzano, Lineamenti di diritto dell’Unione europea, Giappichelli or L. Daniele, Diritto dell'Unione europea, Giuffré. Piattaforma Giappichelli EDU (available at www.giappichelliedu.it)

Teaching Methods

Frontal teaching , case studies, seminars.

Assessment Method

The final exam consists either in a written or in an oral test. The former will be held only in the first examination session and is reserved to those who attended at least 80% of the course and opted for it instead of oral examination. The written test will last 2 hours and will be composed of 3 open questions and 1 case study. The grade is expressed in thirtieths. The final evaluation is made by adding the scores obtained, on the basis of the answers given to the questions of the test: to each answer to an open question or relating to a case study will be given a score from 0 to 6 according to the following criteria, based on the level of preparation shown: insufficient (0 points); not sufficient (1 point); sufficient (2 points); average (3 points); good (4 points); very good (5 points); excellent (6 points). The failure to achieve at least the score of 18/30 will result in failure to pass the exam. An excellent level of preparation in all open questions as well as in the examination of the case study result in a score of 30/30, possibly cum laude. In the open questions – for the purposes of awarding a score from 0 to 6 according to the above indications –, to assess the level of preparation of the student, the following evaluation criteria will be jointly taken into account: knowledge and understanding of the notions and principles of the matter and ability to apply them to concrete cases; appropriate use of the technical and legal vocabulary, ability to analyse and evaluate relevant sources and acquisition of the method of analysis. The oral exam is the only option for all other students who did not attend at least 80% of classes. Both in the written and oral test, students will be required to show that they know and understand notions and principles of EU Law and that they are able to apply them to practical cases. Student are expected to be able to autonomously analyze sources and relevant theories of EU Law and to use the appropriate technical and legal vocabulary, thus proving that they have acquired the study method and the learning ability for carrying on, also autonomously, further study of the matter. The following evaluation criteria will be taken into account to assign the final grade, expressed in thirtieths: knowledge and both theoretical and practical understanding of the notions and principles of the matter (65%); appropriate use of the technical and legal vocabulary, ability to analyze and evaluate relevant sources and acquisition of the study method (35%). Gaps concerning one or more notions or principles will lead to an insufficient evaluation, even in presence of a basic knowledge of the matter.

Thesis assignment criteria

Positive outcome of the exam, interest in a critical understanding of the subject, good skills in bibliographical and case-law research, adequate knowledge of foreign languages.

Week 1

1) Origins and development of European integration I Definition of EU and its position in the regional area II General features of the EU III Evolutionary character of the EU IV Notion of European integration V The origins of the European Communities and the transitional period VI The role of the European Court of Justice VII Enlargement VIII Single European Act IX Maastricht Treaty X Amsterdam Treaty XI Nice Treaty and the Charter of fundamental rights XII Constitutional Treaty XIII Lisbon Treaty XIV Brexit Textbook Adam Tizzano Introduzione Cap. I-II Textbook Daniele Introduzione Case analysis and discussion (Piattaforma Giappichelli)

Week 2

2) EU Membership, values and goals 3) EU institutions 2) I Accession II Values and goal III WIthdrawal IV Differentiated integration and multi-speed Europe ON CAMPUS: 3) V Commission VI Council VII European Council VIII European parliament IX Court of Justice of the European Union X European Central Bank XI Court of Auditors XII High Representative for Common and Foreign Security Policy XIII Consulting bodies XIV European Investment Bank XV Agencies Textbook Adam Tizzano Parte prima Cap. I and Cap. II Parte terza Cap. I Textbook Daniele Introduzione and Parte I Case analysis and discussion (Piattaforma Giappichelli)

Week 3

4) EU competences, subsidiarity and proportionality 4) I Principle of conferral II Types of competences; internal and external competences III Exclusive competence IV Shared competence V Supporting competence VI Flexibility clause VII Preemption VIII Subsidiarity and proportionality Textbook Adam Tizzano Parte terza Cap. III Textbook Daniele Parte VI Case analysis and discussion (Piattaforma Giappichelli)

Week 4

5) Decision-making procedures 6) Exercise of EU external competences 5) I Legal basis and the role of EU institutions II Ordinary legislative procedure III Special legislative procedure IV Consultation and approval procedure V Procedure for delegated acts VI Procedure for the adoption of implementing acts 6) VII International legal personality of the EU VIII Procedure for the conclusion of international agreements by the EU IX Mixed agreements X Procedure for request of an opinion of the Court of Justice Textbook Adam Tizzano Parte prima Cap. IV Textbook Daniele Parte II Case analysis and discussion (Piattaforma Giappichelli)

Week 5

7) Sources: primary and secondary law 7) I Treaties II General principles and fundamental rights III Charter of fundamental rights IV International customary law and international agreements concluded by the EU V Binding legal acts (both legislative and non-legislative): regulations, directives and decisions VI Other non-legislative legal acts: in particular, delegated and implementing acts VII Non-binding legal acts: in particular recommendations and opinions VIII Atypical acts IX Interinstitutional agreements Textbook Adam Tizzano Parte prima Cap. III Textbook Daniele Parte III Case analysis and discussion (Piattaforma Giappichelli)

Week 6

8) The impact of EU law over national legal order: primacy and direct effect 9) Non-judicial protection of rights 8) I Direct effect II Primacy III Disapplication 9) IV Art, 227 and 228 TFEU Textbook Adam Tizzano Parte prima Cap. III Parte seconda Cap. I Textbook Daniele Parte IV.1-3 e 7-8 Case analysis and discussion (Piattaforma Giappichelli)

Week 7

10) Judicial protection of rights before the Court of justice (and the related division of competences between the Court of justice and the General Court) and before national judges. 11) Infringement proceedings 10) I Court of justice and General Court II Procedure before the Court of Justice III Proceedings before the Court of Justice and national courts or tribunals 11) IV Commission v. State and State v. State V Pre-contentious procedure VI Contentious procedure VII Judgement of the Court Textbook Adam Tizzano Parte prima Cap. III Parte seconda Cap. I, II and III Textbook Daniele Parte V.1-2 Case analysis and discussion (Piattaforma Giappichelli)

Week 8

12) Annulment proceedings 13) Failure to act 12) I Locus standi II Grounds for review III Judgement and effects 13) IV Locus standi V Failures VI Judgement and effects Textbook Adam Tizzano Parte prima Cap. III Parte seconda Cap. I, II and III Textbook Daniele Parte V.3-4 Case analysis and discussion (Piattaforma Giappichelli)

Week 9

14) Preliminary proceedings 15) Non-contractual liability of the EU 16) “Minor” competences of the Court of justice 14) I Ratio, importance, features and limits II Notion of national court or tribunal III Right and duty to refer IV Preliminary ruling on interpretation V Preliminary ruling on validity VI Admissibility and relevance VII Effects of the judgement 15) VIII Prerequisites IX Effects 16) X Individuation of competences Textbook Adam Tizzano Parte seconda Cap. IV, V and VI Textbook Daniele Parte V.5-10 Case analysis and discussion (Piattaforma Giappichelli)

Week 10

17) Judicial protection and procedural law 18) Judicial protection and damage compensation 19) Judicial protection and the duty of consistent interpretation 17) I Effectiveness of EU law and procedural protection II Impact on national legal orders and limits of EU law 18) III Requisites of the action for damages IV Evolution of the action for damages 19) V Notion of consistent interpretation VI Problems: what is lex and disapplication Textbook Adam Tizzano Parte seconda Cap. VII Textbook Daniele Parte IV.4-6 Case analysis and discussion (Piattaforma Giappichelli)

Week 11

21) An overview on EU substantive law and EU policies: in particular, internal market, citizenship 21) I Notion of substantive law and policies of the EU II Internal market and citizenship III Competition Textbook Adam Tizzano Parte terza Cap. II Parte quarta, Cap. I, II, IV, VII Case analysis and discussion (Piattaforma Giappichelli)

Week 12

22) Area of freedom, security and justice 23) External policies of the EU 22) I Area of Freedom, Security and Justice 23) II Origins III CFSP IV Common commercial policy Textbook Adam Tizzano Parte quarta, Cap. V Case analysis and discussion (Piattaforma Giappichelli)