MIGRATION AND DEVELOPMENT IN THE MEDITERRANEAN

MIGRATION AND DEVELOPMENT IN THE MEDITERRANEAN

Pierluigi Montalbano, ALESSIA GIORGIA SALVATRICE Melcangi

Instructional goals

This course offers fundamental knowledge and essential theoretical and practical tools to analyze the underlying factors driving both internal and cross-border mobility within the economic landscape of the Mediterranean region. It encompasses a foundational understanding of international economics models and methodologies, as well as an in-depth exploration of contemporary discussions in areas such as geo-economic dynamics, sustainable development, and food and nutrition security. Special emphasis will be placed on examining the Southern shore of the Enlarged Mediterranean, exploring intra-regional historical, political, social, and economic dynamics, as well as the interactions and security challenges between Mediterranean countries and Europe.

Intended learning outcomes

Knowledge and understanding of the global process of mobility, its determinants and implications from both destination and origin countries as well as of delays and development problems but also the existing potential in the Mediterranean area. Applying knowledge and understanding: Ability to apply the most common models of interpretation of migration flows and act as an informed experts in debating with citizens, shareholders and policymakers; Making judgements: Acquisition of the knowledge necessary to understand migration policies and have an independent judgment on the effects of these policies on European economies and to develop an independent judgment with respect to the impact induced by these policies on the political, social, security and economic developments of the Enlarged Mediterranean. Communications skills: Students will be able to present arguments on mobility and international development issues in both written and verbal form. Students should be able to summarize and present the main points from a mass of data, to highlight and present in a cogent manner the main issues in debates, and to be able to clearly present theoretical models, selecting and applying appropriate theoretical models. Learning skills: Students will be equipped with the tools necessary to practice as a working economist, especially as they apply to the problems of cross border mobility. These tools include an applied understanding of key economic concepts, the ability to work with and interpret economic models, and to use the relevant tools.

Course Contents

The Mediterranean area: geopolitical, social, economic and security contexts and current evolving trends. From the MED area to the MENA area Relations with the European Union Demographic dynamics: challenges and opportunities Economic dynamics: transition, independence, the role of the state Labor market and training systems Commercial opening and economic integration Last decades in the Enlarged Middle East: from the Washington consensus to the failure of the so-called Arab Spring Security and economic challenges from the Enlarged Mediterranean EU development cooperation policies with Mediterranean countries The migratory phenomenon: internal mobility and international migration The political and economic impact of the pandemic and Ukraine war Migration and Development: Facts and Figures The global impacts of migration: simulations and estimations The short-term effects of migration on destination economies (the Specific-Factors Model) The long-term effects of migration on destination economies (The Rybczynski Model) The effects of migration on origin economies

Reference Books

An overview of the changed EU-MENA economic landscape: from cooperation to migration by Corrao F., Redaelli R., 2021, Palgrave Macmillan US. A Half-Empty Glass: Limits And Dilemmas Of The Eu’s Relations To The Mena Countries by Colombo S, Soler i Lecha E, Middle East and North Africa Regional Architecture, Working Papers No. 32, March 2019 A. Melcangi, The geostrategic impact of the Russia-Ukraine war on the international system and in the Mediterranean Basin: security threats and lessons learnt, Strategic Leadership Journal, 1, 2023, https://www.casd.it/mod/page/view.php?id=27524 Robert Feenstra; Alan Taylor (2021). International Trade Fifth  Edition (PART 2); Alain de Janvry, Elisabeth Sadoulet, Development Economics Theory and Practice, 2nd Edition; Letta, M., Montalbano, P., & Paolantonio, A. (2023). Understanding the Climate Change-Migration Nexus Through the Lens of Household Surveys: An Empirical Review to Assess Data Gaps. Journal of Economic Surveys, 1–42; World Development Report (2023), Migrants, Refugees and Societies, The World Bank Group; Scientific articles and other materials distributed during the course;

Teaching Methods

The teaching activities for a total of 48 hours are carried out as on campus lessons (48 hours)

Assessment Method

To pass the exam, students should pass a written test via the platform Moodle/Luiss Learn The written exam will be in the form of a multiple choices test of 30 questions. To pass the exam, students should get a minimum grade of 18/30. This shows sufficient knowledge and understanding of the key topics of the course. To get first-class honour, students should demonstrate excellent knowledge and understanding of all the topics of the course. Summa cum laude can be awarded for distinguished students that show qualified achievements during the course as well as the ability to link the various topics of the course in a logical framework.

Thesis assignment criteria

To submit a thesis proposal to one of the instructors.

Week 1

Instructors: Prof. Melcangi (Tuesday) The MENA Countries: a Mediterranean Extended Area (1) 1. Introduction 2. The Enlarged Mediterranean: an overview Source: Hiltermann J., Tackling Intersecting Conflicts in the MENA Region, Middle East & North Africa, January 2020 Prof. Montalbano (Wednesday): Migration and Development: Facts and Figures; Source: WDR 2023

Week 2

Instructors: Prof. Melcangi (Tuesday) The MENA Countries: a Mediterranean Extended Area (2) 1.The Geo-political and Geo-economic context 2. Converging and diverging trends in the Enlarged Mediterranean Source: Hiltermann J., Tackling Intersecting Conflicts in the MENA Region, Middle East & North Africa, January 2020; Further scientific articles and other materials will be distributed during the course; Prof. Montalbano (Wednesday): The global impacts of migration: simulations and estimations Source: Clemens, Michael A. 2011, “Economics and Emigration: Trillion-Dollar Bills on the Sidewalk?”, Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol. 25, No. 3 (Summer), pp. 83-106;

Week 3

Instructors: Prof. Melcangi (Tuesday) MENA security and geopolitical dynamics (1) 1.Regional conflicts and hotspot of crises 2. Non state actors Source: Hiltermann J., Tackling Intersecting Conflicts in the MENA Region, Middle East & North Africa, January 2020; Further scientific articles and other materials will be distributed during the course; Prof. Montalbano (Wednesday): The global impacts of migration: an analytical view Source: Robert Feenstra; Alan Taylor (2021). International Trade Fifth  Edition (Ch.5)

Week 4

Instructors: Prof. Melcangi (Tuesday) MENA security and geopolitical dynamics (2) 1.Regional conflicts and hotspot of crises 2. Economic and energy trends Source: Hiltermann J., Tackling Intersecting Conflicts in the MENA Region, Middle East & North Africa, January 2020; Further scientific articles and other materials will be distributed during the course; Prof. Montalbano (Wednesday): The short-term effects of migration on destination economies; Source: Robert Feenstra; Alan Taylor (2021). International Trade Fifth  Edition (Ch.3)

Week 5

Instructors: Prof. Melcangi (Tuesday) External actors in the Enlarged Mediterranean: US: a reluctant external guarantor? Russia: the military engagement China: the economic and commercial role in the Enlarged Med Scientific articles and other materials will be distributed during the course. Prof. Montalbano (Wednesday): The long-term effects of migration on destination economies Source: Robert Feenstra; Alan Taylor (2021). International Trade Fifth  Edition (Ch.4)

Week 6

Instructors: Prof. Melcangi (Tuesday) Challenges to the global order: NORTH AFRICA (1) A Systemic approach Main dynamics and tensions in NA The influence of regional players with competing interests Source: Scientific articles and other materials will be distributed during the course. Prof. Montalbano (Wednesday): The effects of migration on origin economies Source: Alain de Janvry, Elisabeth Sadoulet, Development Economics Theory and Practice, 2nd Edition (Ch. 12)

Week 7

Instructors: Prof. Melcangi (Tuesday) Challenges to the global order: NORTH AFRICA (2) The population growth and climate crisis Terrorist activities and the spillover from the Sahelian belt Source: Scientific articles and other materials will be distributed during the course. Prof. Montalbano (Wednesday): Theories on migration and development Source: Alain de Janvry, Elisabeth Sadoulet, Development Economics Theory and Practice, 2nd Edition (Ch. 12)

Week 8

Instructors: Prof. Melcangi (Tuesday) The economic, political and social effects of the Ukraine war (2022) in the Enlarged Mediterranean Source: A. Melcangi, The geostrategic impact of the Russia-Ukraine war on the international system and in the Mediterranean Basin: security threats and lessons learnt, Strategic Leadership Journal, 1, 2023, https://www.casd.it/mod/page/view.php?id=27524 Prof. Montalbano (Wednesday): Shocks, risks (incl. climatic risks), resilience, adaptation and vulnerability in developing contexts Source: Alain de Janvry, Elisabeth Sadoulet, Development Economics Theory and Practice, 2nd Edition (Ch. 5); Scientific articles and papers

Week 9

Instructors: Prof. Melcangi (Tuesday) The economic, political and social effects of the war on Gaza (2023) in the Enlarged Mediterranean Source: ICG, The Danger of Regional War in the Middle East, Commentary, 27 february 2024, https://www.crisisgroup.org/middle-east-north-africa/east-mediterranean-mena/israelpalestine/danger-regional-war-middle-east. Prof. Montalbano (Wednesday): Models of vulnerability and resilience Source: Alain de Janvry, Elisabeth Sadoulet, Development Economics Theory and Practice, 2nd Edition (Ch. 5)

Week 10

Instructors: Prof. Melcangi (Tuesday) The EU Cooperation Models The Origin of EU Cooperation Agreements with the Region The Euro-Mediterranean Partnership The European Neighbourhood Policy Source: Colombo S., Soler I Lecha E., A Half-empty Glass: Limits And Dilemmas Of The Eu’s Relations To The Mena Countries, MENARA Working Papers N°32 2019 Stivachtis Y.,The EU and the Middle East: The European Neighbourhood Policy, E-International Relations Publishing 2018. Abbot G., The EU and the Middle East: From the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership to the Union for the Mediterranean, In: Conflict and Diplomacy in the Middle East. External Actors and Regional Rivalries, E-International Relations 2018. Prof. Montalbano (Wednesday): Climate change and migration flows Source: Scientific articles and papers

Week 11

Instructors: Prof. Melcangi (Tuesday) The Union for the Mediterranean The EU Global Strategy The Critical Elements Source: Colombo S., Soler I Lecha E., A Half-empty Glass: Limits And Dilemmas Of The Eu’s Relations To The Mena Countries, MENARA Working Papers N°32 2019 Stivachtis Y.,The EU and the Middle East: The European Neighbourhood Policy, E-International Relations Publishing 2018. Abbot G., The EU and the Middle East: From the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership to the Union for the Mediterranean, In: Conflict and Diplomacy in the Middle East. External Actors and Regional Rivalries, E-International Relations 2018. Prof. Montalbano (Wednesday): Models of adaptation and resilience Source: Scientific articles and papers

Week 12

Prof. Melcangi (Tuesday) Geopolitics of migrations: Introduction The Migratory Flows The roots of migrations in the MENA region Source: Corrao F, Redaelli R., STATE, ACTORS AND GEOPOLITICAL DRIVERS IN THE MEDITERRANEAN Perspectives On The New Centrality Of The Mediterranean Region, Palgrave Macmillan US, 2021. Martini L.S., Megerisi T., Road to nowhere: Why Europe’s border externalisation is a dead end, ECFR, 14 december 2023, https://ecfr.eu/publication/road-to-nowhere-why-europes-border-externalisation-is-a-dead-end/ Prof. Montalbano (Wednesday): Models of adaptation and resilience Source: Scientific articles and papers