Legal analysis of the international organizations’ phenomenon in international law, with particular reference to the governance in the following areas: maintenance of peace and security; protection of human rights; international trade; international economic cooperation; international investments. Collaboration, investigation, production, and discussion In the week following each acquisition step, students will be called to solve concrete questions using the acquired knowledge. In this phase, it is important that students show teamwork skills, knowledge and understanding of the notions addressed in the former week, and capacity in critically discussing the topics. The use of the appropriate technical legal vocabulary is a fundamental requirement.

Knowledge and understanding The course will allow students to acquire knowledge of the institutional functioning of associative phenomena, with a specific reference to international organizations and of the activities they carry out in specific areas of cooperation. Applying knowledge and understanding Students will develop the ability to frame the current legal problems of international organizations. Making judgements Students will acquire and apply the necessary legal tools to understand the international organizations’ functioning and dynamics. Communications skills Students will improve the ability to elaborate, in oral and written form, legally correct information, solidly based on normative data, concerning the functioning of international organizations, especially in specific areas of cooperation, such as peace, human rights, international trade, development, sovereign debt, international investments etc. Learning skills By analyzing legal phenomena through the study of relevant international norms and practice, students will acquire the capacity of reading the dynamics of associations of States in the perspective of their possible future developments.

International organizations (IOs). Their subjectivity and structure. Internal legal order and secondary acts. IOs and the maintenance of peace and security; IOs and human rights; IOs and international trade; IOs and international economic cooperation; IOs and investment arbitration.

No single textbook is required for this course. Rather, materials and required readings for each class will be made available to attending students through the course website. Students are expected to have completed the prescribed readings before each class. A detailed readings list will be made available at the start of the course. Specific extended syllabus J. Klabbers, An Introduction to International Organizations Law, Cambridge, 2022, IV ed. All the readings included in the list which will be made available at the start of the course.

The course will consist of lectures, seminars, and discussions of case studies such as those concrete questions that students are expected to solve, working in group, during the activities of collaboration, discussion, and inquiry.

Class participation Six tests will take place during the course, in each week following the acquisition. Details of each test will be specified at the beginning of the course on occasion of the description of the lectures’ contents. Final assessment For attending students who take all the six tests during the lectures: in-class tests results (85%); individual oral examination on any part of the entire course (15%). For attending students who take five tests during the lectures: in-class tests results (70%); individual oral examination on any part of the entire syllabus and specific discussion of the topics of the test(s) not taken (30%). Percentages are 60% and 40% for those who take four in-class tests. Those who take less than four tests are deemed as non-attending students. They will take an oral exam on a specific extended syllabus (listed under ‘Reference Books’). It is possible to refuse the final grade only once and in aggregate (i.e., it is not permitted to accept the grade given for only some individual tests).

Passing the final exam with a grade no less than 28/30 and a clear interest in researching and writing the thesis on this subject.