Legal analysis of the phenomenon of international organisations (IOs) in the international legal system, with particular reference to their role in the protection of human rights.

Knowledge and understanding: knowledge of the institutional functioning of associative phenomena, with a specific reference to international organizations; and of the activities they carry out for the protection of human rights. Applying knowledge and understanding: ability to frame the current legal problems of international organizations. Making judgements: acquisition and application of the legal tools for the understanding of international organizations dynamics. Communications skills: ability to elaborate, in oral and written form, legally correct information, solidly based on normative data, concerning the functioning of international organizations, especially in the area of human rights. Learning skills: maturation of a capacity of reading the dynamics of associations of States in the perspective of their possible future developments.

International organizations (IOs). Their subjectivity and structure. Internal legal order and secondary acts. Immunities and privileges of IOs. The responsibility of IOs. IOs and human rights: the UN, universal and regional IOs.

> General Part: J. Klabbers, An Introduction to International Organizations Law, IV ed., Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2022, Chapters 1, 2, 3, 7, 8, 10, 12. P. Klein, Responsibility, in J. Katz Cogan, I. Hurd. I. Johnstone, The Oxford Handbook of International Organizations, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2017, pp. 1026-1047. > Human rights protection: P. Pustorino, Introduction to International Human Rights Law, Berlin, Springer, 2023, Chap. 4 (Sections 4.1-4.3.4). > Additional readings on specific issues are indicated below and will be provided in due time during the course.

Traditional lessons, seminars, exercises.

Students will be mainly assessed based on their individual achievements during the course and their participation in the activities. To this end, a first written or oral exam will test the acquired knowledge in the first part of the course. The exam will account for 35% of the final mark and the grade will be communicated after the exam. A second written or oral exam will test the acquired knowledge in the second part of the course. The exam will account for 35% of the final mark and the grade will be communicated after the exam. For those who have passed both tests, the final exam will consist of a couple of oral questions on any random topic of the entire syllabus, accounting for the remaining 30% of the final mark. For those who have not taken the tests, declined their marks or not passed both tests, the final exam will be a full oral exam consisting in different questions on any random topic of the entire syllabus. For those who have passed only one test, the final exam will be a full oral exam consisting in different questions on any random topic of the entire syllabus, but due account will be taken of the grade previously assigned.

Final grade must be no less than 27.