DIGITAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL INNOVATION
Instructional goals
An apparently never-ending number of tools and products, which once were analogic or others brand new, is now digital. Digitization is transforming many facets of the reality as we knew them. New organizational forms, routines, practices are emerging, shaping an environment where market, products, services, workplaces will be significantly different.
This course leads students, through readings from scientific literature and cases’ analysis, to reflect upon and to gain knowledge on the transformation that digitization brings into organizations.
Students will learn how to exploit the potential of digital technologies for organizations and how to identify possible difficulties and threats emerging in the digital environment.
Intended learning outcomes
Knowledge and understanding:
This course offers the key theoretical bases on digitization within organizations. Digitization is analyzed under several different points of view – technology, organizing, design, security, creativity - by making use of scientific papers, sometime more than one on the same topic, to broaden the perspective.
Applying knowledge and understanding:
The students will be involved in discussing cases in class or in making group exercises of design/assessment, with reference to the lecture’s topic.
Moreover, they will have to write two short essays on as many major themes, also identifying and discussing a case from reality.
Additionally, working in team, they should analyze under the perspectives examined along the lectures the case of an organization chosen by themselves.
Making judgements:
The students will be asked to express their individual judgement in several moments: when commenting other groups’ works during mid-term week, when evaluating the relations between the case proposed and the topic during lectures, when discussing exercises during classes, during the design thinking session.
We then expect students, at the end of the course, to be able to analyze and evaluate, beside the consequences of digitization on organizations, the applicability of a theory on a case, and the opportunity of using a tool or a method in a certain condition.
Communications Skills:
During the course, the students will be involved in several communication activities: discussions within their team to explain and credit their individual point of view on group assignments, discussing in class the aspects of each lecture’s topic, commenting on wikis other groups’ works, presenting in group the lecture’s topic (when assigned), and presenting their groupwork at the course’s end.
This will give the students the possibility to acquire and understand key terms and concepts related to digitization under different perspectives, to experience oral and written communication with their different styles, and to become familiar on how to present a specific topic and a final report clearly and pointing to the main interesting aspects.
Learning skills:
This course will contribute to empower learners in being able to explore a major theme under several different perspectives and considering different point of views.
Beyond the specific subject of this course, this should give them the ability to link together a mass of different hints, evaluate them and exploit the combined value.
Course Contents
The course consists of two intertwined parts that unfolds in parallel:
• Foundations on digital innovation and main emerging topics, such as: digital platforms, peer production, cloud computing, blockchain, big data, social media, global infrastructures, agile work, cybersecurity
• Toolbox for leading organizational change and business transformation: approaches, theories and methods for the analysis of complex socio-technical systems and the design of user centered solutions
Reference Books
There is no textbook: selected readings and materials (those mentioned beside each lecture) will be provided by the teachers.
Other main references for deepening course's contents are:
• Beynon-Davies, P. (2011) Significance: Exploring the Nature of Information, Systems and Technology, Palgrave Macmillan
• Yin, R. K. (2009) Case Study Research: Design and Methods (p. 219), Sage Publications
• Benkler, Y. (2006) The wealth of networks: how social production transforms markets and freedom, Yale University Press.
• Ciborra, C. (ed.) (2000) From Control to Drift: The Dynamics of Corporate Information Infrastructures, Oxford University Press.
• Simon, H. (1996) The Sciences of the Artificial, MIT Press.
• Mumford, E. (2003) Redesigning human systems, IGI Global.
Teaching Methods
This course adopts since ever the flipped classroom approach and encourages students toward a collaborative and problem-driven learning. Students will play an active part in most lectures, by presenting and discussing the related main topic. Moreover, under the guidance of the teachers, students interact with their peers for solving problems and discussing cases.
Students will be divided into groups for carrying on teamwork activities during classes and for developing a groupwork that will be part of the final evaluation.
Guest speakers will be invited to provide a practical view on the topics addressed.
An extensive use of the institutional e-learning platform (http://learn.luiss.it), together with other digital tools (e.g. Mural, Trello .), will offer students the possibility to access contents, and to engage in online oral, written and visual interactions.
Assessment Method
Students attending lectures and participating to the activities will be assessed through a specific method.
The total points (30) are split into two components that will be summed up:
• Individual contributions (18), with regard to:
o Two short written assignments, respectively referring to topics of first and second part of the course
o Comments on other groups' works, at mid-term
o Individual contribution to all activities
• Groupwork on a digital innovation in a specific organization (12), on the basis of:
o Final report quality
o Final presentation
Attending students are not required to take a final exam.
Non-attending students will be assessed through a written test encompassing the entire programme.
Thesis assignment criteria
Passing the current course exam is the only requirement to have assigned the final thesis
Week 1
Lecture 1
Course introduction: course overview, presentation of content, explanation of teaching and evaluation methodology.
Lecture 2
Digital product and the changes they introduce
Reading:
• Kallinikos, J., Aaltonen, A., & Marton, A. (2013). The Ambivalent Ontology of Digital Artifacts. MIS Quarterly, 37(2): 357–370.
Week 2
Lecture 1
Let's get familiar with some collaboration tool: Miro, Trello
Reading:
• Federici (2017) A Whiteboard instead of Gantt and PERT Is There a New Way to Manage Small Projects in Small Contexts
Lecture 2
Digital platforms
Readings:
• Tiwana, A. (2014) Platform Ecosystems - Aligning Architecture, Governance, and Strategy. Elsevier. Chapters 1 & 2
Week 3
Lecture 1
Digital Platform economy
Readings:
• Hein, A., Schreieck, M., Riasanow, T., Soto Setzke, D., Wiesche, M., Böhm, M. & Krcmar, H. (2020) Digital platform ecosystems. Electron Markets, 30, 87–98.
Lecture 2
Paradigm shifts in value creation: IoT, Big Data
Readings:
• Pigni, F., Piccoli, G., & Watson, R. (2016). Digital Data Streams: Creating value from the real-time flow of big data. California Management Review, 58(3), 5-25.
Week 4
Lecture 1
Paradigm shifts in value creation: Artificial Intelligence
Readings:
• Kulkov (2021) The role of artificial intelligence in business transformation: A case of pharmaceutical companies
• Holmström, J., & Carroll. N. (2024) How organizations can innovate with generative AI. Business Horizons,
Lecture 2
AI uses in companies: what works and what doesn't (yet)
Readings:
• Faraj, S., Pachidi, S., & Sayegh, K. (2018). Working and organizing in the age of the learning algorithm. Information and Organization.
• Wang, Liu, Shao (2022) How does artificial intelligence create business agility? Evidence from chatbots.
Week 5
Lecture 1
The multiform nature of Digital Transformation
Readings:
• Vial, G. (2021). Understanding digital transformation: A review and a research agenda. Managing Digital Transformation, 13-66.
Lecture 2
Digital Disruption, an open debate
Readings:
• King, A. A., & Baatartogtokh, B. (2015). How useful is the theory of disruptive innovation?. MIT Sloan Management Review, 57(1), 77-90.
• Christensen, C. M., Raynor, M. E., & McDonald, R. (2015). What is disruptive innovation. Harvard Business Review, 93(12), 44-53.
Week 6
Lecture 1
What's “new” about new forms of organizing?
Readings:
• Puranam, P., Alexy, O., & Reitzig, M. (2014). What's “new” about new forms of organizing? Academy of Management Review, 39(2), 162-180.
Lecture 2
Digitalization, changes in organizations and affordances as a lens to explore them
Readings:
• Zammuto, R. F., Griffith, T. L., Majchrzak, A., Dougherty, D. J., & Faraj, S. (2007). Information Technology and the Changing Fabric of Organization. Organization Science, 18(5), 749–762.
Week 7
Lecture 1
Digitization as a Paradigm Shift & Workplace Transformation
Readings:
• Winter, S., Berente, N., Howison, J., & Butler, B. (2014). Beyond the organizational ‘container’: Conceptualizing 21st century sociotechnical work. Information and Organization, 24(4), 250-269.
Lecture 2
Digital transformation: where it happens and why
Readings:
• Thompson, D. (2015) A world without work? The Atlantic, July/August. https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2015/07/world-without-work/395294/
• Fernández-Macías (2018) Automation, digitalisation and platforms Implications for work and employment. European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions
Mid-term assessment
Assessment on the first version of the groupworks on the wiki
Week 8
Lecture 1
Changes in political organizations and processes
Readings:
• Braccini, A.M., Sæbø, Ø. & Federici, T. (2019) From the blogosphere into the parliament: The role of digital technologies in organizing social movements. Information and Organization, Vol. 29(3), Elsevier Ltd., ISSN 1471-7727, doi.org/10.1016/j.infoandorg.2019.04.002
Week 9
Lecture 1
Information Security Management
Readings:
• Baskerville, R., Spagnoletti, P., & Kim, J. (2014). Incident-centered information security: Managing a strategic balance between prevention and response. Information & Management, 51(1), 138–151.
Lecture 2
IT governance, alignment, drift and project failure
Readings:
• Spagnoletti, Kazemargi, Prencipe (2019) To Cloud or not to Cloud: strategic choices and IT governance in the digital transformation of a University. Teaching cases 2018, Luiss University Press.
Week 10
Lecture 1
Design and development of IT solutions
• Federici, T. & Braccini, A.M. (2012) The Interplay between Practitioners and Technological Experts in the Design Process of an Archaeology Information System. Journal of Cases on Information Technology (JCIT), 14(1), IGI Global, ISSN 1548-7717, p. 26-45.
Lecture 2
Characteristics, governance model and applications of Blockchain and Smart Contracts, with some hints on NFT
Readings:
• Ølnes, S., Ubacht, J., & Janssen, M. (2017). Blockchain in government: Benefits and implications of distributed ledger technology for information sharing. Government Information Quarterly, 34(3), 355-364.
• Spahiu, E., Spagnoletti, P., & Federici, T. (2022). Beyond Scattered Applications: A Taxonomy of Blockchain Outcomes in the Public Domain. In Blockchain Technology Applications in Businesses and Organizations (pp. 239-264). IGI Global.
Week 11
Lecture 1-2
Design challenge through Design thinking
Readings:
• Brown, T. (2008). Design thinking. Harvard business review, 86(6), 84.
Week 12
Lecture 1
A (surprising) practical experience
Readings:
•
Lecture 2
Groupworks' presentation