The course analyses joint stock companies, joint stock company limited by shares, cooperatives and groups of companies. This course completes the course of Business Law 1, with which it shares the objective of highlighting the role of business law in the development of businesses and economy, between rules and the autonomy of private individuals.

Knowledge and understanding: through the participation in in-person lectures and online classes, the student deepens his knowledge of the institutions of business law, which began during the course of Business Law I, focusing on the organizational model of the joint stock company (and on that of the joint stock company limited by shares), of cooperatives, and that of groups of companies. Within the framework of instruction, the possibility of active student involvement is facilitated through participation in thematic seminars or in-depth meetings with professors, experts in the field, legal practitioners, and representatives of businesses and institutions. These initiatives, which are closely related to the topics covered during the course, are designed to enhance students' critical and applied understanding of the subject matter. They also aim to promote interdisciplinary comparison and continuous dialogue between theoretical principles and operational practices of business law. An oral exam will be held at the end of the course to verify the acquired knowledge. Ability to apply knowledge and understanding: The student will be able to interpret the legal rules that govern the organizational models studied and to understand the relationship between mandatory rules and private autonomy with regard, in particular, to private and public joint companies. An oral exam will be held at the end of the course. Critical thinking: the analytic method acquired during the course allows the student to identify data and materials relevant to the analysis of the normative sources relevant for business law and to critically evaluate the different trends in scholarship and caselaw in the field. Thus, the student acquires the ability to analyse cases and is able to qualify them from a legal standpoint. Communication skills: at the end of the course the student is able to use, with adequate precision, legal vocabulary relevant for business law. Ability to learn: the legal background acquired during the course allows students to understand and interpret, also autonomously, the normative news and trends in scholarship and caselaw in the field.

The joint stock company and the limited partnership by shares: financial structure and organisation. By-laws amendments and extraordinary transactions. Cooperatives. Groups. European Company.

G.F. Campobasso, Diritto commerciale 2. Diritto delle società, UTET, 2024, 11th ed., pagg. 135-562, 607-710. G. Presti - M. Rescigno, Corso di diritto commerciale. Volume II – Società, Zanichelli 2023, 11th ed., pagg. 445-614, 657-780. G. Visentini – A. Palazzolo, Impresa Società Crisi, Giappichelli, 2025, pagg. 73-434, 511-544

Frontal teaching

The examination consists of an oral test. The student must demonstrate an understanding of the principles and notions of Commercial Law 2 and the institutions characterising the course, such as shareholding companies, cooperative companies and groups of companies, also in the light of the supranational framework. The student must also demonstrate the ability to correctly interpret and apply theoretical notions to practical cases. The student is required to correctly use the legal vocabulary of the field, showing familiarity with the method of study and the learning skills needed to continue even, also autonomously, the study of the subject. The mark is on an 18-to-30 scale. Monitoring and mid-term exams might be held to test the students’ progresses, provided anyway that the final mark will be given only during the final examination at the end of the course, according to the procedures and evaluation criteria specified above.

Course attendance and successful completion of the exam