APPLIED STATISTICS AND ECONOMETRICS
Instructional goals
The course introduces students to statistical and econometric techniques aimed at empirically addressing economic and financial case studies. Practices, coupled with the use of statistical software for the analysis of real-world data will allow students to gain their abilities in collecting, analyzing, and interpreting macro and micro data. The course also develops digital competences as of EU DIGCOMP 2.1 (Competence area 1: Information and data literacy; Competence area 2: Communication and collaboration; Competence area 3: Digital content creation).
Intended learning outcomes
Theoretical and applied lectures (with real case studies).
Linear regression with multiple regressors.
Hypothesis tests and confidence intervals in multiple regression.
The econometric theory of regression analysis.
Nonlinear regression functions.
Estimation Causal Effects.
Regression models for panel data.
Regression models for binary variables.
Practice Sessions.
Practice sessions are designed to develop the students’ ability in collecting and analyzing data in economics, finance or management, and in analyzing them also by means of statistical software and advanced spreadsheet (Python).
Course Contents
Knowledge and understanding: knowledge of data types and related univariate analysis techniques, including simple linear regression model, multiple linear regression model, regression models for panel data, regression models for binary variables.
Applying knowledge and understanding: ability in selecting appropriate data analysis methods, and in analyzing relationships among variables in economics, finance and management
Making judgements: ability in collecting, using and critically interpreting quantitative and qualitative data related to economics, finance and management, achieved through the analysis of documents issued by official national and international statistics, scientific articles on statistical methods and applications, case studies. Digital competences are developed.
Communication skills: ability to spot and present the most suitable framework for the empirical analysis based on the nature of the economic-financial data at hand and effective communication of data analysis results.
Learning skills: ability to learn autonomously data analysis techniques, in professional activities or subsequent studies, achieved through the analysis of econometric methods applied in economics, finance and management.
Reference Books
Stock, J. H. and Watson, M. W. Introduction to Econometrics, (fourth edition), Pearson Ed.
Greene, W.H. (2011). Econometric Analysis (seventh edition), Prentice Hall.
Teaching Methods
Lectures, exercises, case studies in social sciences based on real data, also using statistical and econometric packages
Case studies, Data from official statistical sources
Assessment Method
Students will be evaluated based on a written exam (75% of the grade), consisting of both theoretical and empirical questions covering the entire program, also including mathematical proofs.
The exam may include both open and multiple-choice questions. Students are required to be equipped with a basic pocket calculator. During the exam it is not allowed to consult books or class notes.
The midterm will be a written test (25% of the grade) to take place during week 7. The midterm will mirror the structure of the final exam and will include both theoretical and empirical questions covering the course content.
Bonus points. Students can earn up to 2 bonus points (on a 30-point scale) by completing an optional empirical project.
Bonus points will be added to the final exam grade only if all the following conditions are met:
1. It is the student’s first attempt at the exam.
2. The student achieves a minimum score of 18/30 on the final exam.
3. The exam is taken during the winter exam session.
Thesis assignment criteria
The degree thesis involves the application of statistical-econometric methodologies in economics or finance. The topic and the criteria for its assignment will be discussed with the instructor.
Week 1
Introduction to matrix algebra
G Appx. A-B-C
Course materials
Week 2
LM model assumptions
OLS estimator
OLS finite sample properties
SW chapters 4-5-6, 18-19; G chapters 2-3
Week 3
Asymptotic properties of the OLS estimator
OLS inference: interval estimation, t and F tests
SW chapters 18-19; G chapters 2-3
SW chapters 7, 19; G chapters 4.5, 5
Course materials
Week 4
Linear model revisited: Goodness of fit, Dummy variables, Multicollinearity
SW chapters 5-6; G chapters 3.5, 6.2
Week 5
Heteroskedasticity
Test (White)
WLS estimator and robust standard errors
SW chapters 5.4-5; G chapters 9
Week 6
Maximum Likelihood Estimator
Properties of MLE
Likelihood-based tests (LR, Wald, LM)
G chapters 14.1-14.6
Week 7
Nonlinear Regression Function
Interaction between independent variables
SW Chapter 8, G Chapter 6.1-2
Week 8
Assessing studies based on multiple regression
Internal and external validity
Threats to internal validity
SW Chapter 9
Week 9
Instrumental Variables Regression
Prediction and causality
The IV Estimator with a single regressor and a single instrument
The general IV regression model
SW Chapter 12, G Chapter 8.1-3
Week 10
Asymptotic properties of the TSLS
SW Chapter 12, G Chapter 8.1-3
Course materials
Week 11
Regression with Panel Data
Regression with item and time fixed effects
The fixed effects regression assumptions and standard errors for fixed effects regression
SW Chapter 10, G Chapter 11.1-4
Week 12
Regression with a Binary dependent variable
Linear probability model
Probit and logit regression: estimation and inference
SW Chapter 11, G Chapter 17.1-3