BUSINESS VALUATION

Mario Rocco, Raffaella Levantesi Copper

Instructional goals

This course provides a structured and practice oriented introduction to business valuation, integrating theoretical foundations with real world applications. Students learn how to assess firm value using discounted cash flow (DCF) models, relative valuation, and transaction multiples. The course emphasizes analytical rigor, professional standards, and the ability to interpret valuation outcomes in strategic and financial contexts.

Prerequisites

• Introductory Corporate Finance • Financial Accounting • Basic Excel proficiency

Intended learning outcomes

By the end of the course, students will be able to: • Understand the conceptual foundations of value and valuation approaches. • Apply DCF techniques, including FCFF and FCFE models. • Estimate discount rates using CAPM, WACC, and market data. • Perform relative valuation using trading and transaction multiples. • Analyze valuation outputs and communicate results effectively. • Critically evaluate valuation assumptions and sensitivities.

Course Contents

Session 1 — Introduction to Valuation Session 2 — Financial Statement Analysis for Valuation Session 3 — Cash Flow Measurement (FCFF & FCFE) Session 4 — Cost of Capital (WACC) Session 5 — DCF Valuation (I) Session 6 — DCF Valuation (II) Session 7 — Relative Valuation (I) Session 8 — Relative Valuation (II) Session 9 — Valuation in M&A Session 10 — Valuation of High Growth and Distressed Firms Session 11 — Special Topics Session 12 — Course Review & Exam Preparation

Reference Books

Required Readings • A. Damodaran, Investment Valuation, University Edition: Tools and Techniques for Determining the Value of any Asset, John Wiley & Sons Inc, 2025 • Selected academic articles and case studies (provided on the course platform). ________________________________________ Recommended Readings • T. Koller, M.Goedhart, D.Wessels, Valuation: Measuring and Managing the Value of Companies, University Edition, John Wiley & Sons Inc, 2025 • R. J. Grabowski, S. P. Pratt Cost of Capital, Wiley, 2014________________________________________

Teaching Methods

• Lectures with theory and worked examples • In class exercises and short cases • Excel based valuation modelling • Discussion of real world valuation cases and market data

Assessment Method

Final Written Exam (100%) The exam evaluates theoretical understanding and practical application. It includes: • Conceptual questions • Short numerical exercises • A mini valuation case

Thesis assignment criteria

Presentation of a thesis project consistent with the program. Full marks inthe final exam.

Week 1

Session 1 — Introduction to Valuation • What is value? Intrinsic vs. relative valuation • Overview of valuation methods • Case discussion: Why valuations differ

Week 2

Session 2 — Financial Statement Analysis for Valuation • Recasting financial statements • Non recurring items and adjustments • Working capital and invested capital

Week 3

Session 3 — Cash Flow Measurement (FCFF & FCFE) • Operating vs. financing cash flows • Calculating FCFF and FCFE • Common modelling pitfalls

Week 4

Session 4 — Cost of Capital (WACC) • CAPM, beta estimation, risk free rate, market premium • Capital structure and WACC • Practical estimation using market data

Week 5

Session 5 — DCF Valuation (I) • Forecasting value drivers • Terminal value (Gordon growth & exit multiples) • Mid year convention

Week 6

Session 6 — DCF Valuation (II) • Sensitivity analysis • Scenario analysis • Interpreting DCF results

Week 7

Session 7 — Relative Valuation (I) • Trading multiples: EV/EBITDA, P/E, EV/Sales • Peer group selection • Adjustments and normalizations

Week 8

Session 8 — Relative Valuation (II) • Transaction multiples • Control premiums and synergies • Market benchmarks

Week 9

Session 9 — Valuation in M&A • Deal rationale and value creation • Accretion/dilution analysis • Synergy valuation

Week 10

Session 10 — Valuation of High Growth and Distressed Firms • Start ups and early stage companies • Negative cash flows and survival probabilities • Distressed valuation frameworks

Week 11

Session 11 — Special Topics • ESG and valuation • Intangibles and intellectual capital • Valuation in private equity

Week 12

Session 12 — Course Review & Exam Preparation • Integrated valuation case • Review of key concepts • Exam practice questions